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蹄蓋蕨屬

鎖定
蹄蓋蕨屬，學名：Athyrium Roth，為水龍骨目、蹄蓋蕨科下級分類。
蹄蓋蕨屬的物種為蕨類植物中種類較多、分類最困難的屬之一，是蹄蓋蕨科的主幹。
其分佈於世界各地，主產於温帶和亞熱帶高山林下。
下級共有202個物種，中國現已知有117個物種和一些變種和雜交種，以西南高山地區為分佈中心，各省區均有。
中文名
蹄蓋蕨屬 [1] 
拉丁學名
Athyrium Roth [1] 
界
植物界 [1] 
門
蕨類植物門 [1] 
綱
薄囊蕨綱 [1] 
目
水龍骨目 [1] 
科
蹄蓋蕨科 [1] 
屬
蹄蓋蕨屬 [1] 
亞    門
真蕨亞門 [1] 
亞    綱
薄囊蕨亞綱
分佈區域
分佈於世界各地

目錄

  1. 1 形態特徵
  2. ▪ 植物形態
  3. ▪ 葉子形態
  4. ▪ 孢子形態
  1. ▪ 染色體
  2. ▪ 植株特點
  3. 2 下級組
  4. 3 下級物種
  1. ▪ 原生物種
  2. ▪ 自然雜交物種
  3. 4 異型異名

蹄蓋蕨屬形態特徵

蹄蓋蕨屬植物形態

陸生，中型草本植物。根狀莖短，多為直立，少有橫走或斜升，罕細長而橫走；葉簇生，罕近生或遠生。 [1] 

蹄蓋蕨屬葉子形態

蹄蓋蕨屬物種
蹄蓋蕨屬物種(4張)
葉柄長，基部往往加粗，背面隆起腹面凹陷，兩側邊緣有瘤狀氣囊體各一行，向下變為尖削，少為圓柱形，有時無氣囊體，向下不尖削；橫切面有2條維管束，呈八字形排列，向葉軸連合呈U字形；葉柄基部被鱗片，鱗片紅褐色、深褐色或黑褐色，卵狀披針形、長鑽形或線狀披針形，全緣，由厚壁的狹長細胞構成，膜質，基部着生；葉柄上面有1條縱溝，向上直通葉軸，溝內往往被短腺毛；葉片卵形、長圓形或闊披針形，一回至三回羽狀，各回羽片基部合生或分離，通常以鋭角沿各回羽軸下面圓形，上面有1條深縱溝，兩側邊緣呈刀口狀的隆起，但與其上一回羽軸（或主脈）匯合處有1斷裂缺口，彼此互通，其下無或有1個肉質的刺狀凸起。葉脈分離，叉狀或羽狀，小脈伸達鋸齒頂端。葉幹後常為草質，少為紙質或革質，兩面通常光滑，罕被鱗片或毛，唯葉軸、羽軸和小羽軸（或主脈）上往往被有短腺毛。 [1] 

蹄蓋蕨屬孢子形態

孢子囊羣圓形、圓腎形、馬蹄形、彎勾形、長圓形或短線形，背生、側生或橫跨小脈上；囊羣蓋圓腎形、馬蹄形、彎勾形、新月形、長圓形或短線形，褐色，膜質，邊緣齧蝕狀或有睫毛，少為全緣，通常宿存，罕無囊羣蓋或囊羣蓋不發育。孢子兩面型，極面觀為橢圓形，赤道面觀為豆形，周壁表面具褶皺或無褶皺。 [1] 

蹄蓋蕨屬染色體

染色體基數x=40 [1] 

蹄蓋蕨屬植株特點

雜交是造成本屬分類困難的原因之一，在日本已報道有60多個雜種，中國究竟有多少雜種還有待進一步研究。 [1] 
屬的模式種：Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth——Polypodium filix-femina L.

蹄蓋蕨屬下級組

蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Athyrium S. K. Wu et R. C. Ching
疏葉蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Dissitifolia (X. C. Zhang) Z. R. Wang
海南蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Hainanensia Z. R. Wang
川滇蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Mackinnoniana (Ching et Y. T. Hsieh) Z. R. Wang
小蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Minima Z. R. Wang
多羽蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Multipinna Z. R. Wang
日本蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Niponica Ching et Y. T. Hsieh
刺蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Otophora Z. R. Wang
裸囊蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Pachyphylla Z. R. Wang
篦齒蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Pectinata (Ching et Hsieh) Z. R. Wang
耳狀蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Polystichoides Ching et Y. T. Hsieh
狹基蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Stenopoda Z. R. Wang
毛葉蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Suprapubescentia Z. R. Wang
黑稈蹄蓋蕨組Sect. Wallichiana (X. C. Zhang) Z. R. Wan [1] 

蹄蓋蕨屬下級物種

蹄蓋蕨屬原生物種

正名
學名
阿里山蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium arisanense (Hayata) Tagawa
寶興蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium baoxingense Ching
篦齒蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium pectinatum (Wall. ex Mett.) C.Presl ex T.Moore
柄羽蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium sessilipinnum X.C.Zhang & R.Wei
波密蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium bomicola Ching
倉田蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium kuratae Seriz.
蒼山蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium biserrulatum Christ
藏東南蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium austro-orientale Ching
察隅蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium zayuense Z.R.Wang
齒尖蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium dentilobum Ching & S.K.Wu
翅軸蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium delavayi Christ
川西蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium costulalisorum Ching
粗柄蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium crassipes Ching
粗脈蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium venulosum Ching
大蓋蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium foliolosum T.Moore ex R.Sim
大衞假冷蕨
Athyrium davidii (Franch.) Christ
大相嶺蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium daxianglingense Ching & H.S.Kung
大葉假冷蕨
Athyrium atkinsonii Bedd.
短柄蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium brevistipes Ching
短羽蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium contingens Ching & S.K.Wu
鈍頂蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium obtusilimbum Ching
多羽蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium multipinnum Y.T.Hsieh & Z.B.Wang
峨眉蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium omeiense Ching
方氏蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium fangii Ching
高山蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium silvicola Tagawa
光蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium otophorum (Miq.) Koidz.
廣南蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium guangnanense Ching
貴州蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium pubicostatum Ching & Z.Y.Liu
海南蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium hainanense Ching
蒿坪蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium criticum Ching
禾稈蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. & Sav.) Christ
合歡山蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium cryptogrammoides Hayata
黑柄蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium nigripes (Blume) T.Moore
黑稈蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium wallichianum Ching
黑鱗蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium melanolepis (Franch. & Sav.) Christ
黑龍江蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium rubripes (Kom.) Kom.
紅苞蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium nakanoi Makino
紅柄蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium erythropodum Hayata
華中蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino
姬蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium subrigescens (Hayata) H.Itô
假冷蕨
Athyrium spinulosum (Maxim.) Milde
尖頭蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium vidalii (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai
劍葉蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium attenuatum (C.B.Clarke) Tagawa
睫毛蓋假冷蕨
Athyrium schizochlamys (Ching) K.Iwats.
金平蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium adpressum Ching & W.M.Chu
金沙江蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium jinshajiangense Ching & Shing
居中蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium interjectum Ching
絹毛蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium sericellum Ching
林光蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium decorum Ching
凌雲蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium infrapuberulum Ching
瀘定蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium ludingense Z.R.Wang & Li Bing Zhang
鹿角蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium araiostegioides Ching
裸囊蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium pachyphyllum Ching
麥稈蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium fallaciosum Milde
毛葉蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium suprapuberulum Ching
毛翼蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium dubium Ching
毛軸蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium hirtirachis Ching & Y.P.Hsu
昴山蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium maoshanense Ching & P.S.Chiu
玫瑰蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium roseum Christ
蒙自蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium mengtzeense Hieron.
南嶽蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium nanyueense Ching
逆葉蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium reflexipinnum Hayata
坡生蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium clivicola Tagawa
匍匐蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium schimperi Moug. ex Fée
奇異蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium aberrans Liang Zhang & Li Bing Zhang
啓無蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium wangii Ching
秦氏蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium chingianum Z.R.Wang & X.C.Zhang ex X.C.Zhang
日光蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium nikkoense Makino
軟刺蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium strigillosum (E.J.Lowe) T.Moore ex Salomon
三回蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium tripinnatum Tagawa
濕生蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium devolii Ching
石生蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium emeicola Ching
疏葉蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium dissitifolium (Baker) C.Chr.
疏羽蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium nephrodioides (Baker) Christ
宿蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium anisopterum Christ
胎生蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium viviparum Christ
蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
同形蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium uniforme Ching
尾羽蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium caudatum Ching
屋久蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium yakusimense Tagawa
西疇蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium xichouense Y.T.Hsieh & Z.R.Wang
溪邊蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium deltoidofrons Makino
喜馬拉雅蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium fimbriatum T.Moore
狹基蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium mehrae Bir
狹葉蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium flabellulatum (C.B.Clarke) Tardieu
線羽蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium lineare Ching
小蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium minimum Ching
芽胞蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium clarkei Bedd.
巖生蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium rupicola (Edgew. ex C.Hope) C.Chr.
元陽蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium yuanyangense Y.T.Hsieh & W.M.Chu
長柄蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium longius Ching
長根假冷蕨
Athyrium repens (Ching) Fraser-Jenk.
長江蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium iseanum Rosenst.
長尾蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium caudiforme Ching
長葉蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium elongatum Ching
貞豐蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium zhenfengense Ching
中甸蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium chungtienense Ching
中華蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium sinense Rupr.
中間蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium intermixtum Ching & P.S.Chui
中錫蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium himalaicum Ching ex Mehra & Bir
中越蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium christensenii Tardieu
軸果蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium epirachis (Christ) Ching
紫柄蹄蓋蕨
Athyrium kenzo-satakei Sa.Kurata
暫無正名
Athyrium acrocarpum (Rosenst.) Copel.
Athyrium acutipinnulum Kodama ex Nakai
Athyrium americanum (Butters) Maxon
Athyrium ammifolium (Mett.) C.Chr.
Athyrium amoenum C.Chr.
Athyrium angustum (Willd.) C.Presl
Athyrium annae Kornaś
Athyrium appendiculiferum Alderw.
Athyrium approximatum (W.M.Chu) Christenh.
Athyrium archboldii Copel.
Athyrium arcuatum Liebm.
Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv.
Athyrium atratum Bedd.
Athyrium atroviride (Alderw.) Seriz.
Athyrium badium (Ching) Christenh.
Athyrium banajaoense (C.Chr.) Christenh.
Athyrium bipinnatum K.Hori
Athyrium bourgaei E.Fourn.
Athyrium christensenianum (Koidz.) Seriz.
Athyrium clemensiae Copel.
Athyrium crassicaule J.P.Roux
Athyrium crenulatoserrulatum Makino
Athyrium cumingianum (C.Presl) Milde
Athyrium cuspidatum (Bedd.) M.Kato
Athyrium cyclosorum (Rupr.) Maxon
Athyrium decurrenti-alatum (Hook.) Copel.
Athyrium distans (D.Don) T.Moore
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz
Athyrium dombeyi Desv.
Athyrium drepanopteron (Kunze) Milde
Athyrium dulongicola W.M.Chu
Athyrium eburneum (J.Sm. ex Mett.) J.Sm.
Athyrium elmeri Copel.
Athyrium eremicola Oka & Sa.Kurata
Athyrium falcatum Bedd.
Athyrium filix-incantatrix Christenh.
Athyrium grantii Copel.
Athyrium gymnogrammoides (Klotzsch ex Mett.) Bedd.
Athyrium hahajimense Nakai
Athyrium haleakalae K.R.Wood & W.L.Wagner
Athyrium hohenackerianum (Kunze) T.Moore
Athyrium kandelii Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium khasimontanum Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium kirishimaense Tagawa
Athyrium kutaiense C.Chr.
Athyrium latilobum Copel.
Athyrium latinervatum M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.
Athyrium leiopodum (Hayata) Tagawa
Athyrium lewalleanum Pic.Serm.
Athyrium mackinnoniorum (C.Hope) C.Chr.
Athyrium majus (Makino) Makino
Athyrium masamunei Seriz.
Athyrium medium (Carmich.) T.Moore
Athyrium microphyllum (Sm.) Alston
Athyrium micropterum Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium minutum Copel.
Athyrium mohillense (Fée) Tardieu
Athyrium monomachii (Kom.) Kom.
Athyrium morobense Copel.
Athyrium myer-dreesii Copel.
Athyrium narthex Christenh.
Athyrium neglectum Seriz.
Athyrium newtonii (Baker) Diels
Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance
Athyrium nitidulum (Kunze) Milde
Athyrium oblitescens Sa.Kurata
Athyrium oosorum (Baker) Christ
Athyrium opacum (D.Don) Copel.
Athyrium oppositipennum Hayata
Athyrium palmense (Christ) Lellinger
Athyrium palustre Seriz.
Athyrium parasnathense (C.B.Clarke) Ching ex Mehra & Bir
Athyrium pinetorum Tagawa
Athyrium pitcairnense Copel.
Athyrium praetermissum Sledge
Athyrium pseudofluviale (Ching & W.M.Chu) Christenh.
Athyrium pulcherrimum Copel.
Athyrium puncticaule (Blume) T.Moore
Athyrium rhachidisorum (Hand.-Mazz.) Ching
Athyrium rondoense Verdc.
Athyrium ruilicola W.M.Chu
Athyrium rupestre Kodama
Athyrium sarasinorum Christ
Athyrium satowii H.Itô
Athyrium scandicinum (Willd.) C.Presl
Athyrium seramense (M.Kato) Christenh.
Athyrium setiferum C.Chr.
Athyrium setuligerum Sa.Kurata
Athyrium sheareri (Baker) Ching
Athyrium skinneri (Baker) C.Chr.
Athyrium sohayakiense Nakaike
Athyrium solenopteris (Kunze) T.Moore
Athyrium spinescens Sa.Kurata
Athyrium tashiroi Tagawa
Athyrium tejeroi Mickel
Athyrium tenuipaleatum Copel.
Athyrium triangulare Alderw.
Athyrium vermae Fraser-Jenk., Khullar & Pangtey
Athyrium viridescentipes Sa.Kurata
表格內容參考資料：植物智 [1]  、Plants of the World Online [2] 

蹄蓋蕨屬自然雜交物種

Athyrium × akiense Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × amagi-pedis Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × anceps Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × austrojaponense Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × awatae Seriz.
Athyrium × bicolor Seriz.
Athyrium × boreo-occidentali-indobharaticola-birianum Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × calophyllum Sa.Kurata ex Seriz.
Athyrium × cornopteroides Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × decurrentiserratum K.Hori
Athyrium × dixitii Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × drepanopteroides Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × flavosorum Seriz.
Athyrium × fuscopaleaceum Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × glabrescens Seriz.
Athyrium × gurungae Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × hisatsuanum Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × ikutae Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × inabaense Seriz.
Athyrium × inouei Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × kathmanduense Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × kawabatae Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × kawabataeoides Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × kidoanum Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × langtangense Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × lantangense Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × lobulosoimpolitum Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × manickamii Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × mantoniae Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × masachikanum (Sa.Kurata) Seriz.
Athyrium × masayukianum Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × megayakusimense Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × meghalaicum Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × mentiens Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × minakuchii Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × multifidum Rosenst.
Athyrium × neoelegans Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × nepalense Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × paludicola Sa.Kurata ex Seriz.
Athyrium × petiolulatum Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × pichisermollianum Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × pokharense Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × pseudobipinnatum K.Hori
Athyrium × pseudoiseanum Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × pseudopinetorum Seriz.
Athyrium × pseudospinescens Seriz.
Athyrium × pseudowardii Seriz.
Athyrium × purpurascens (Tagawa) Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × purpureipes Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × pygmaei-silvae Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × quaesitum Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × reichsteinii Schneller & Rasbach
Athyrium × saitoanum (Sugim.) Seriz.
Athyrium × sanjappae Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × satsumense Seriz.
Athyrium × sefuricola Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × shiibaense (Seriz.) Nakaike
Athyrium × shikoku-montanum Seriz.
Athyrium × simlense Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × sledgei Fraser-Jenk.
Athyrium × subchristensenianum K.Hori
Athyrium × subcrassipes Seriz.
Athyrium × tokashikii Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × tsurutanum Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × undulatipinnulum Seriz.
Athyrium × watanabei Seriz.
Athyrium × yakuinsulare Sa.Kurata
Athyrium × yakumonticola Sa.Kurata [2] 

蹄蓋蕨屬異型異名

Anisocampium C.Presl in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 58 (1851)
× Apseudathyrium Xia Wan & Li Bing Zhang in Phytotaxa 575: 104 (2022)
× Cornoathyrium Nakaike in New Fl. Jap. Pterid.: 840 (1992)
Cornopteris Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 7 (1930)
Ephemeropteris R.C.Moran & Sundue in Taxon 68: 432 (2019)
Kuniwatsukia Pic.Serm. in Webbia 28: 455 (1973)
Microchlaena Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 322 (1938), nom. illeg.
Neoathyrium Ching & Z.R.Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 76 (1982)
Oligocampia Trevis. in Atti Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti, ser. 2, 2: 165 (1851)
Pseudathyrium Newman in Phytologist 4: 370 (1851)
Pseudocystopteris Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 76 (1964)
× Schnellerathyrium Hong M.Liu, Schuettp. & H.Schneid. in J. Syst. Evol. 58: 999 (2020), not validly publ. [2] 
參考資料