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刺尾魚科
鎖定
刺尾魚科地理分佈
印度洋地區:1屬1種分佈於東印度洋,3屬8種分佈於西印度洋,4屬5種分佈於其他印度洋地區。
[3]
大西洋地區:1屬5種分佈於西大西洋,2屬2種分佈於東大西洋。
[3]
其他地區:5屬31種分佈於印度-西太平洋區,1屬1種分佈於印度-泛太平洋區。
[3]
刺尾魚科形態特徵
刺尾魚科魚類(圖冊一)(36張)
刺尾魚科生存習性
刺尾魚為暖水性魚類,主要棲息於沿岸潮池、浪拂區到深遠數十米的岩礁及珊瑚礁區,是淺水珊瑚礁區中最顯眼且數量較豐的魚族之一。屬日行性,夜間避棲礁穴。此科魚類的稚魚漂浮期很長,憑藉長期而長距離的漂送,使得該科魚類的地理分佈極廣泛。
[2]
大部分的刺尾魚都是食底藻類的素食者,它們的口很小,門齒緣呈鋸齒、波浪狀,有的牙齒甚至長得像一把細細長長的剛毛刷,很適合刮食附著在珊瑚礁上的藻類,常成羣結隊在珊礁區覓食。除了用肌胃來磨碎藻類外,有些種類在腸的末端會膨大為「盲囊」(醱酵腔),內有共生菌負責消化藻類。有少數幾種刺尾魚以水層中的浮游動物為主食,而櫛齒刺尾魚屬則是碎屑食性。
[5]
刺尾魚科繁育狀況
產卵時結成一對或多對組成羣體,但某些種類的刺尾魚,單對和成組產卵都有過發現。成對產卵以三種不同的情形展現:穩定配對的成員之間;單個雄魚經過雌魚位於珊瑚礁邊緣的臨時產卵區時;珊瑚礁邊緣的覓食羣體成員之間。產卵期來臨前,刺尾魚們聚合成數量龐大的羣體。它們中有些種類可以全年繁殖,冬末春初是其產卵的高峯期。基於繁殖地社會系統的存在以及兩性間一致的大小差異,暗示一些種類的刺尾魚存在雌雄同體的現象。沒有證據表明刺尾魚對稚魚提供親代撫育。
[7]
刺尾魚科魚類(圖冊二)(40張)
產卵時通常是其中一羣魚會變得異常活躍,接著便一起往上衝,精子和卵子隨之排出。快速上衝的過程會使它們的鰾略為膨大,有助於卵和精子的排出,另外,也可以藉助上層較強的水流把受精卵帶離礁區,當然也避開底層眾多的獵食者。
[5]
刺尾魚的形態、體色會隨成長而變化。剛孵化的仔魚在海上漂流時呈透明或銀白色,體型高,背鰭和臀鰭上各有一根長棘,適合漂浮,而且可以保護自己。在海上漂流36~70天,才沉降下來到珊瑚礁定居,此時則變態為與成魚形態相近的稚魚,有些種類的刺尾魚體色還會黃化,產生原因不明。由於刺尾魚的漂浮期比其他珊瑚礁魚類長,所以有機會到達比較遠的地方,地理分佈也比其他魚類廣。
[5]
刺尾魚科科目分類
屬名 | 種名 | 拉丁名 | 英文名 |
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Acanthurus | |||
Acanthurus achilles | Achilles tang | ||
白胸鰭刺尾魚 | Acanthurus albipectoralis | Whitefin surgeonfish | |
Acanthurus auranticavus | Orange-socket surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus bahianus | Ocean surgeon | ||
Acanthurus bariene | Black-spot surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus blochii | Ringtail surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus chirurgus | Doctorfish | ||
Acanthurus chronixis | Chronixis surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus coeruleus | Blue tang surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus dussumieri | Eyestripe surgeonfish | ||
福氏刺尾魚 | Acanthurus fowleri | Fowler's surgeonfish | |
肩斑刺尾魚 | Acanthurus gahhm | Black surgeonfish | |
黑體刺尾魚 | Acanthurus grammoptilus | Finelined surgeonfish | |
Acanthurus guttatus | Whitespotted surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus japonicus | Japan surgeonfish | ||
白唇刺尾魚 | Acanthurus leucocheilus | Palelipped surgeonfish | |
Acanthurus leucopareius | Whitebar surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus leucosternon | Powderblue surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus lineatus | Lined surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus maculiceps | White-freckled surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus mata | Elongate surgeonfish | ||
尾斑刺尾魚 | Acanthurus monroviae | Monrovia doctorfish | |
Acanthurus nigricans | Whitecheek surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus nigricauda | Epaulette surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus nigrofuscus | Brown surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus nigroris | Bluelined surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus nubilus | Bluelined surgeon | ||
Acanthurus olivaceus | Orangespot surgeonfish | ||
多帶刺尾魚 | Acanthurus polyzona | Black-barred surgeonfish | |
Acanthurus pyroferus | Chocolate surgeonfish | ||
藍氏刺尾魚 | Acanthurus randalli | Gulf surgeonfish | |
背面刺尾魚 | Acanthurus reversus | ||
Acanthurus sohal | Sohal surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus tennentii | Doubleband surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus thompsoni | Thompson's surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus triostegus | Convict surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus tristis | Indian Ocean mimic surgeonfish | ||
Acanthurus xanthopterus | Yellowfin surgeonfish | ||
Ctenochaetus | |||
Ctenochaetus binotatus | Twospot surgeonfish | ||
塞氏櫛齒刺尾魚 | Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus | ||
白尾櫛齒刺尾魚 | Ctenochaetus flavicauda | ||
Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis | Chevron tang | ||
緣櫛齒刺尾魚 | Ctenochaetus marginatus | Striped-fin surgeonfish | |
Ctenochaetus striatus | Striated surgeonfish | ||
Ctenochaetus strigosus | Spotted surgeonfish | ||
Ctenochaetus tominiensis | Tomini surgeonfish | ||
截尾櫛齒刺尾魚 | Ctenochaetus truncatus | ||
Naso | |||
Naso annulatus | Whitemargin unicornfish | ||
Naso brachycentron | Humpback unicornfish | ||
Naso brevirostris | Spotted unicornfish | ||
藍尾鼻魚 | Naso caeruleacauda | ||
藍灰鼻魚 | Naso caesius | Gray unicornfish | |
Naso elegans | Elegant unicornfish | ||
Naso fageni | Horseface unicornfish | ||
Naso hexacanthus | Sleek unicornfish | ||
Naso lituratus | Orangespine unicornfish | ||
Naso lopezi | Elongate unicornfish | ||
Naso maculatus | |||
Naso mcdadei | Squarenose unicornfish | ||
Naso minor | Slender unicorn | ||
Naso reticulatus | |||
Naso tergus | |||
Naso thynnoides | Oneknife unicornfish | ||
Naso tonganus | Bulbnose unicornfish | ||
瘤鼻魚 | Naso tuberosus | Humpnose unicornfish | |
Naso unicornis | Bluespine unicornfish | ||
Naso vlamingii | Bignose unicornfish | ||
Paracanthurus | |||
Paracanthurus hepatus | Palette surgeonfish | ||
多板盾尾魚屬 | Prionurus | ||
比夫拉多板盾尾魚 | Prionurus biafraensis | Biafra doctorfish | |
克氏多板盾尾魚 | Prionurus chrysurus | ||
側棒多板盾尾魚 | Prionurus laticlavius | Razor surgeonfish | |
斑多板盾尾魚 | Prionurus maculatus | Yellowspotted sawtail | |
Prionurus microlepidotus | Sixplate sawtail | ||
點紋多板盾尾魚 | Prionurus punctatus | Yellowtail surgeonfish | |
Prionurus scalprum | Scalpel sawtail | ||
Zebrasoma | |||
德氏高鰭刺尾魚 | Zebrasoma desjardinii | ||
Zebrasoma flavescens | Yellow tang | ||
寶石高鰭刺尾魚 | Zebrasoma gemmatum | Spotted tang | |
長鼻高鰭刺尾魚 | Zebrasoma rostratum | Longnose surgeonfish | |
Zebrasoma scopas | Twotone tang | ||
Zebrasoma veliferum | Sailfin tang | ||
Zebrasoma xanthurum | Yellowtail tang |
- 參考資料
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- 1. BOLDS: Map of specimen collection locations for Acanthuridae .EOL[引用日期2012-11-09]
- 2. 刺尾魚科 .中國海釣網[引用日期2012-10-21]
- 3. 82 Species of Family Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes) .FishBase[引用日期2012-10-21]
- 4. 刺尾魚 .生物秀[引用日期2012-10-21]
- 5. Acanthuridae .台灣魚類學習知識庫[引用日期2012-11-09]
- 6. 圖冊圖片來源 .flickriver[引用日期2012-10-25]
- 7. Reproduction .Animal Diversity Web. ADW[引用日期2012-10-22]
- 8. 姚祖榕編著,東海地區經濟水產品原色圖集,海洋出版社,2003.01,第41頁