形而上學

《形而上學》是古希臘哲學家亞里士多德創作的哲學著作，創作於公元前4世紀。《形而上學》共14卷。書中探討了哲學對象和研究範圍；對一些哲學術語做了釋義；分析批判了以前的哲學家思想，重點批判了柏拉圖的理念論；闡明瞭作者的實體、質料和形式等理論。

導讀

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONS TO PHILOSOPHY

I. Book Alpha： THE THEORY OF EXPLANATION

1. The Development of Theoretical Knowledge

2. The Nature and Goal of Wisdom

3. Early Views of Materials, Movement, and Good

4. Inadequate Uses of Material and Efficient Factors

5. Pythagorean and Parmenidean Principles

6. Platonist Material and Formal Explanations

7. Explanation as Material, Efficient, Formal, and Final

8. Critique of Early Philosophies

9. Critique of Doctrines of Ideas

10. Conclusion of the Historical Survey of Explanations

II. Book Alpha the Less: REMARKS ON PHILOSOPHIC PROCEDURES

1. Progress in Philosophic Knowledge

2. Rejection of the Infinite Regress

3. The Importance of Training in Method

III. Book Beta:TYPICAL PROBLEMS IN GENERAL PHILOSOPHY

1. An Outline of Philosophic Problems

2. Problems of Unitary Science and Varied Being

3. Problems of Genera as Principles of Explanation

4. Problems of Forms, Principles, and Unity

5. Problems of Bodily and of Mathematical Being

6. Problems of Ideas, Power, and Universality

THE PROVINCE OF PHILOSOPHY

IV. Book Gamma: BEING AND KNOWLEDGE

1. The Science of Being as Being

2. The Unity of Philosophy

3. Philosophy and the Axiomatic

4. Debates about Contradiction

5. Perception, Change, and Truth

6. Right Judgment and Relativity

7. Intermediates and Excluded Middle

8. Contradiction and Futile Indiscrimination

V. Book Delta: DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

1. Beginning

2. Explanatory Factor

3. Element

4. Nature

5. Necessary

6. One

7. Being

8. Primary Being

9. Same, Other, Different, Alike

10. Opposite, Contrary, Other in Kind

11. Before and After

12. Power

13. Quantity

14. Quality

15. Relation

16. The Complete

17. Limit

18. According To, By Itself

19. Disposition

20. Habitude

21. Endurance

22. Privation

23. To Have and Hold

24. To Come From

25. Part

26. Whole

27. Mutilated

28. Genus

29. The False

30. The Accidental

VI. Book Epsilon: FIRST PHILOSOPHY AND IRRELEVANT WAYS OF BEING

1. Theoretical Sciences as Natural, Mathematical, and Theological

2. Exclusion of Accidental Being from Science

3. The Genuineness of the Fortuitous

4. Exclusion of Being as the True from Science

BEING AND BECOMING

VII. Book Zeta: THE SEARCH FOR PRIMARY BEING

1. Primary and Dependent Being

2. Diverse Views of Primary Being

3. Subject Matter as Primary Being

4. Definition and Integral Concepts

5. Definition and Difficult Dependent Concepts

6. Definition, Knowledge, and Objects

7. Clues in Natural and Artificial Production

8. Matter and Form Combined in Objects

9. Conditions of Types of Change

10. Definition, Analysis, and Form

11. Definition and Forms Not Easily Recognized

12. Definition and Fundamental Characteristics

13. Universals as Common Qualities

14. Universals Not Independent

15. Universals, Definition, and Knowledge

16. The Highest Universals

17. The Problem of the Unity of the Individual

VIII. Book Eta: THE UNITY OF MATTER AND FORM

1. Matter and Change

2. Differentiating Characteristics and Individuality

3. Alleged Mediations Between Matter and Form

4. Emergence of Specific Objects and Events

5. Difficulties in the Logic of Change

6. The Unity of the Individual Explained

IX. Book Theta: POWERS AND OPERATIONS

1. Active and Passive Power

2. Non-Rational and Rational Power

3. Power and Change

4. Power and Possibility and Impossibility

5. Juxtaposition of Complementary Powers

6. Antithesis of Power and Act

7. Conditions of Potential Being

8. Priority of Act to Power

9. Estimates of Power and Act

10. Truth and Being

X. Book Iota：UNITY AND DERIVATIVE CONCEPTS

1. Unity as Individual and Measure

2. Unity and Being as Definite

3. Unity, Plurality, and Their Derivatives

4. The Nature of Contraries

5. Conjoint Denial of Extremes

6. Opposition of Unity to Plurality

7. The Nature of Intermediates

8. Otherness as to Kinds

9. Contraries Marking Differences in Kind

10. The Perishable and the Imperishable

PHILOSOPHIC EXCERPTS

XI. Book Kappa: REPETITIONS AND QUOTATIONS

A. FROM THE METAPHYSICS

1. Questions on the Unity of Wisdom

2. Questions on the Status of Principles

3. Being and the Unity of Philosophy

4. First Science and the Axiomatic

5. The Principle of Contradiction

6. Alleged Difficulties About Contradiction

7. The Rank of Theology Among Sciences

8. Being as Accident and as Truth

B. FROM THE PHYSICS

9. Chance

10. Power, Operation, and Movement

11. The Infinite

12. Change and Movement

13. Kinds of Movement and Allied Concepts

ETERNAL BEING

XII. Book Lambda: DIVINE BEING

1. Primary Beings and Their Kinds

2. Changeable Primary Being and Matter

3. Definite Change and the Forms

4. Analogies in Different Changes

5. Status of Principles Within Perishable Being

6. The Eternal Prime Mover

7. The Final Good

8. Stellar Divinities and the Divine Unity

9. Self-Activity of the Supreme Being

10. Divine Perfection and the Natural World

XIII. Book Mu：MATHEMATICAL ENTITIES AND THE IDEAS

1. Views of Mathematics and of Ideas

2. Mathematics and the Concrete

3. Mathematics as Abstract

4. The Ideas as Original and Selected

5. The Ideas as Futile for Explanation

6. Views of Numbers as Explanations

7. Units of Number Alike or Unlike

8. The Nature and Derivation of Numbers

9. Numbers, Geometry, and the Ideas

10. Generality and Particular Reference of Knowledge

XIV. Book Nu: Numbers, Ideas, and First Principles

1. Contrary Principles, Unity, and Plurality

2. Elements and Eternal and Plural Being

3. Numbers, Ideas, and Generation

4. Numbers, Ideas, and the Good

5. Numbers, Generation, and Explanation

6. Consequences of Fantastic Doctrines of Numbers

術語彙編與簡釋

亞里士多德，古代先哲，古希臘人，世界古代史上偉大的哲學家、科學家和教育家之一，堪稱希臘哲學的集大成者。他是柏拉圖的學生，亞歷山大的老師。導讀註釋者：徐海銘，上海外國語大學者；王厚平，上海外國語大學教授，博士生導師。 ^[1]