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表語從句
鎖定
然而要注意,表語從句屬於名詞性從句,只是表語的其中一種情況——由名詞充當表語。
- 中文名
- 表語從句
- 外文名
- Predicative Clause
- 具 體
- 英語語法
- 作 用
- 用一個句子作為表語
表語從句定義
A
The problem is puzzling.
這個問題令人困惑。
主語+連繫動詞+形容詞作表語
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
問題是什麼時候我們可以得到加薪。
主語+連繫動詞+句子作表語(表語從句)
B
連接表語從句的連接詞有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whichever ,whatever等。還有如because, as if, as though等。
- His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建議是,我們應該保持冷靜。
- The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.問題是,他什麼時候可以到達酒店。
表語從句一個要點
英語裏一個詞可以同時擁有多種詞性—— 如:表語從句 This is where he lives。①where在主句中作表語,是代詞詞性;②where引導表語從句,是(從屬)連詞詞性;③where在從句中充當狀語,是副詞詞性。
這種多詞性的情況只存在於連接詞。(如果有例外,請更正)
表語從句表語成分
表語是用來説明主語的身份、性質、品性、特徵和狀態的,表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的-ing、從句來充當,它常位於系動詞(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之後。如果句子的表語也是由一個句子充當的,那麼這個充當表語的句子就叫做表語從句。
一、名詞作表語
- Africa is a big continent.非洲是個大洲。
- That remains a puzzle to me.這對我還是個難題。
二、代詞作表語
- What’s your fax number?你的傳真號是多少?
- Who's your best friend?你最好的朋友是誰?
三、形容詞作表語
- I feel much better today.我今天感覺好多了。
- He is old but he is healthy。他很老,但他很健康。
四、數詞作表語
- She was the first to learn about it.她是第一個知道的人。
五、不定式作表語
- Her job is to sell computers.她的工作是銷售電腦。
- Our next step was to get raw materials ready.我們下一步是把原料準備好。
作表語的不定式短語通常是説明主語的內容,這時主語通常是如下名詞:
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
- The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技術的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁瑣。
- Her wish is to become a singer.她的願望是當一名歌手。
- Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我們的計劃就是在兩星期內完成這項工作。
六、介詞短語作表語
- The patient is out of danger.病人脱險了。
- I don’t feel at ease.我感到不自在。
七. 副詞作表語
- The sun is up.太陽昇起來了。
- I must be off now.我得走了。
八.從句作表語
- This is what he said.這就是他所説的話。
表語從句的注意事項
A
表語從句一定要用陳述語序。
- False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
- Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B
if不能引導表語從句,只能用whether 來引導。
引導賓語從句時if/whether可以互換,但介詞後面的賓語從句只能用whether來引導。
- False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
- Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
C
- Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
- Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D
例如:
- The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。(how 在表語從句中充當方式狀語)
- The scissors are not what I need.這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語從句中充當賓語)
- That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的。(what在表語從句中充當直接賓語)
- That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語從句中充當原因狀語)
又如:
- That is why I came.這就是我來的原因。
下面是兩個與“That is why...”形式相似的結構, 它們與“That is why...”結構之間的關係要能夠辨析清楚:
(1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義, 只不過從語法結構上講, “That is the reason why...”中why引導的是—個定語從句, 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結構一樣, 例如:
- That is (the reason) why I cannot agree.這就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語, 這也是個常用句型, 意為“這就是為什麼……/因為……”。“That is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在於“That is because...”指原因或理由, “That is why...”則指由於各種原因所造成的後果, 例如:
- He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影, 那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業。(第一句話説明結果, 第二句話説明原因)
- He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影, 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話説明原因, 第二句話説明結果)
表語從句考題分析
考題1
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
[答案] D
傳統的觀點是因為我們的大腦已經設定好讓我們睡覺,所以我們睡覺。
考題2
You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)
A. why B. where C. what D. how
[答案] B
[解析] 下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is後的表語從句並在該表語從句中充當地點狀語(“disagree”屬於不及物動詞, “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結構), 下劃線應填入引導詞where, 表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。
你説每個人都應該是平等的,這是我所不同意的。
考題3
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
[答案] A
—我上個星期開車去珠海看航展。
—那就是你請了幾天假的原因嗎?
考題4
____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
[答案] A
[解析] 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句並在該主語從句中充當賓語, 特指她所不理解的事情, 應填入關係代詞型的引導詞what; 第二個下劃線處表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的後果, 由why引導對應的名詞性從句)而不是“為什麼……”(指原因、 理由, 由because引導對應的名詞性從句), 應填入引導詞why。
她所不能理解的是為什麼越來越少的學生對她的課感興趣.
考題5
____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
[答案] B
[解析] 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句並在該主語從句中充當主語, 特指令校方驕傲的事情, 應選用關係代詞型的引導詞what; 第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、 理由, 應由that引導對應的名詞性從句。
讓這所學校自豪的是超過百分之90的學生都被重點大學錄取。
考題6
— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh,that’s ____. (2003北京春)
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
[答案] A
[解析] A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”; B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”; C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”; D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時候”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應, 充當表語從句。
你在想昨天的比賽嗎?
哦,那(比賽)真讓我感到興奮。
表語從句例句
- This is what I want.這就是我想要的
- The reason why he was late is that his bike broke down.他遲到是因為自行車壞了
- Next sunday is when we shall meet.下週日是我們見面的時間
- This is why I am late.這就是我遲到的原因
- My problem is which computer to choose我的問題是不知道選哪個電腦好
- The argument is whether it rains tomorrow明天是否下雨是爭論的內容
- What the police want to know is when you entered the room警察想知道的是你什麼時候進的房間。
- The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們缺乏資金。
- This is what we should do這是我們應當做的。
- That‘s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。
- His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。
as if,as though,because也可用來引導表語從句。
- She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事。
- It is because you eat too much是因為你吃得太多了。
表語從句賓語從句
(1)對於賓語從句要掌握以下三點