舊制度與大革命

本書以法國大革命為題展開討論。作者依託翔實的前人未見的第一手材料，以其犀利的筆觸，具體描繪了舊制度下土地、財產、教會、農民、貴族等狀況，深刻剖析了大革命產生的歷史原因，開創性地探索瞭如何避免革命的問題，並以法國大革命為鑑，深刻地探討了人類如何實現並完善自由與平等的兩全其美的社會制度。 ^[2] 

導讀 Foreword Book I

1.1 Contradictory Judgments of the Revolution at Its Inception

1.2 That the Fundamental and Final Purpose of the Revolution Was Not, as Some Have Thought, to Destroy Religious Authority and Weaken Political Authority

1.3 How the French Revolution Was a Political Revolution That Proceeded in the Manner of Religious Revolutions,and Why

1.4 How Almost All of Europe Had Exactly the Same Institutions, and How Those Institutions Were Crumbling Everywhere

1.5 What Was the Essential Achievement of the French Revolution?

Book II II.1 Why Feudal Prerogatives Had Become More Odious to the People in France Than Anywhere Else

II.2 Why Administrative Centralization Is an Institution of the Ancien Regime and Not, As Some Say, the Work of the Revolution or Empire

II.3 How What Today Is Called Administrative Tutelage Is an Institution of the Ancien Regime

II.4 How Administrative Justice and the Immunity of Public Officials Were Institutions of the Ancien R6gime

II.5 How Centralization Was Thus Able to Insinuate Itself among the Old Powers and Supplant Them Without Destroying Them

II.6 On Administrative Mores under the Ancien Regime

II.7 How France, of All the Countries of Europe, Was Already the One in Which the Capital Had Achieved the Greatest Preponderance over the Provinces and Most Fully Subsumed the Entire Country

II.8 That France Was the Country Where People Had Become Most Alike

II.9 How Men So Similar Were More Separate Than Ever,Divided into Small Groups Alien and Indifferent to One Another

II.10 How the Destruction of Political Liberty and the Separation of Classes Caused Nearly All the Maladies That Proved Fatal to the Ancien Regime

II.11 On the Kind of Liberty to Be Found under the Ancien Regime and Its Influence on the Revolution

II.12 How, Despite the Progress of Civilization, the Condition of the French Peasant Was Sometimes Worse in the Eighteenth Century Than It Had Been in the Thirteenth Book III

III.1 How, Toward the Middle of the Eighteenth Century,Men of Letters Became the Country''s Leading Politicians, and the Effects That Followed from This

III.2 How Irreligion Was Able to Become a General and Dominant Passion in Eighteenth-Century France, and How It Influenced the Character of the Revolution III.3 How the French Wanted Reforms Before They Wanted Liberties

III.4 That the Reign of Louis XVI Was the Most Prosperous Era of the Old Monarchy, and How That Very Prosperity Hastened the Revolution

III.5 How Attempts to Relieve the People Stirred Them to Revolt

III.6 On Some Practices That Helped the Government Complete the People''s Revolutionary Education

III.7 How a Great Administrative Revolution Preceded the Political Revolution, and on the Consequences It Had

III.8 How the Revolution Emerged Naturally from the Foregoing

術語彙編與簡釋

人名錶 ^[3] 

托克維爾（Alexis de Tocqueville，1805－1859）是法國十九世紀著名歷史學家和思想家，主要代表作有《論美國的民主》、《舊制度與大革命》等。他出身法國貴族世家，一生經歷過五個“朝代”，青年時代熱心政治，1838年出任眾議院議員，1848年二月革命後參與制訂第二共和國憲法，1849年一度出任法國外交部長。1851年法蘭西第二帝國建立，托克維爾因反對路易-拿破崙•波拿巴稱帝而被捕，因名氣太大而被釋放。後來他對政治日漸失望，於是逐漸淡出政治舞台，主要從事歷史研究。1789年大革命爆發以來，法國相繼陷入雅各賓派的革命專政與兩個拿破崙的軍事獨裁，對此托克維爾深感困惑。他一直思考法國大革命這場“民主革命”為何“反噬”自由，於是寫作了《舊制度與大革命》。該書在他去世之前就已經再版了四次，而且相繼被譯為多種語言，在全世界傳播。 ^[2]