裴偉士

裴偉士(3張)

1949年11月10日，裴偉士出生於斯裏蘭卡 ^[9]  。

1972年，從錫蘭大學（現科倫坡大學）醫科畢業，獲得醫學學士學位。

1981年，從英國牛津大學畢業，獲得病毒學博士學位，之後在紐卡斯爾皇家維多利亞醫院接受臨牀病毒學訓練。

1995年，進入香港大學工作。

2006年，當選為倫敦皇家學會會士；同年，被美國《時代雜誌》評選為過去六十年為亞洲控制傳染學作出貢獻，六十三位的亞洲英雄其中一位傑出人物 ^[1]  。

2015年，當選為香港科學院創院院士 ^[1]  。

2017年，當選為美國國家科學院外籍院士 ^[7]  。

裴偉士的研究涵蓋了人類和動物流感病毒的發病機制、先天免疫反應、傳播模式、生態學和流行病學，如H5N1 、H9N2和H7N9甲型禽流感、2009年的人類豬流感病毒，以及引發「沙士」的冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-1 ）、中東呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒（MERS-CoV ）和新型冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-2 ）等 ^{[1]  [10]}  。

裴偉士領導的研究團隊於2003年發現新型冠狀病毒為引致非典型肺炎的病原體，此重大發現對該疾病的診斷、病理和控制方面起關鍵作用；他也從事關於對抗動物流感病毒病的工作。他曾代表世界衞生組織，調查在沙特阿拉伯爆發的中東呼吸綜合徵及到中國研究H7N9禽流感。除此之外，他帶領團隊研究新型冠狀病毒所引致的2019冠狀病毒流行病（COVID-19 pandemic） ^[5]  。

根據2022年6月香港大學公共衞生學院網站顯示，裴偉士先後在國際科學期刊上發表逾800篇同行評審的研究，文章被引用超過76,000次，代表論文如下 ^[5]  ：

Peiris JSM, Lai ST, Poon LL, Guan Y, Yam LY, Lim W, Nicholls J, Yee WK, Yan WW, Cheung MT, Cheng VC, Chan KH, Tsang DN, Yung RW, Ng TK, Yuen KY. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome[J]. Lancet. 2003; 361:1319-25.

Peiris JSM, Chu CM, Cheng VCC, Chan KS, Hung IFN, Poon LLM, Law KI, Tang BSF, Hon TYW, Chan CS, Chan KH, Ng JSC, Zheng BJ, Ng WL, Lai RWM, Guan Y, Yuen KY. Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study[J]. Lancet. 2003; 361: 1767-72.

Cheung CY, Poon LL, Lau AS, Luk W, Lau YL, Shortridge KF, Gordon S, Guan Y, Peiris JSM. Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease?[J] Lancet. 2002; 360:1831-7.

Li KS, Guan Y, Wang J, Smith GJ, Xu KM, Duan L, Rahardjo AP, Puthavathana P, Buranathai C, Nguyen TD, Estoepangestie AT, Chaisingh A, Auewarakul P, Long HT, Hanh NT, Webby RJ, Poon LL, Chen H, Shortridge KF, Yuen, KY, Webster RG, Peiris JSM. Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia[J]. Nature. 2004; 430: 209-13.

Chan MC, Kuok DI, Leung CY, Hui KP, Valkenburg SA, Lau EH, Nicholls JM, Fang X, Guan Y, Lee JW, Chan RW, Webster RG, Matthay MA, Peiris JSM. Human mesenchymal stromal cells reduce influenza A H5N1-associated acute lung injury in vitro and in vivo[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016; 113:3621-6.

Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, Liang L, Huang H, Hong Z, Yu J, Kang M, Song Y, Xia J, Guo Q, Song T, He J, Yen HL, Peiris M, Wu J. SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients[J]. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382:1177-1179.

Chu DKW, …Peiris M, Poon LLM. Molecular Diagnosis of a Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Causing an Outbreak of Pneumonia[J]. Clin Chem. 2020; 66: 549-555.

Sit THC, Brackman CJ, Ip SM, Tam KWS, Law PYT, To EMW, Yu VYT, Sims LD, Tsang DNC, Chu DKW, Perera RAPM, Poon LLM, Peiris M. Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2[J]. Nature. 2020; 586:776-778.

Sia SF, Yan LM, Chin AWH, Fung K, Choy KT, Wong AYL, Kaewpreedee P, Perera RAPM, Poon LLM, Nicholls JM, Peiris M, Yen HL. Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters[J]. Nature. 2020;583:834-838.

Lau EHY, Tsang OTY, Hui DSC, Kwan MYW, Chan WH, Chiu SS, Ko RLW, Chan KH, Cheng SMS, Perera RAPM, Cowling BJ, Poon LLM, Peiris M. Neutralizing antibody titres in SARS-CoV-2 infections[J]. Nat Commun. 2021;12:63.

Leung NHL, Chu DKW, Shiu EYC, Chan KH, McDevitt JJ, Hau BJP, Yen HL, Li Y, Ip DKM, Peiris JSM, Seto WH, Leung GM, Milton DK, Cowling BJ. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks[J]. Nat Med. 2020;26:676-680.

Chu DKW, Hui KPY, Perera RAPM, Miguel E, Niemeyer D, Zhao J, Channappanavar R, Dudas G, Oladipo JO, Traoré A, Fassi-Fihri O, Ali A, Demissié GF, Muth D, Chan MCW, Nicholls JM, Meyerholz DK, Kuranga SA, Mamo G, Zhou Z, So RTY, Hemida MG, Webby RJ, Roger F, Rambaut A, Poon LLM, Perlman S, Drosten C, Chevalier V, Peiris M*. MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018; 115: 3144-3149.

Chan RW, Hemida MG, Kayali G, Chu DK, Poon LL, Alnaeem A, Ali MA, Tao KP, Ng HY, Chan MC, Guan Y, Nicholls JM, Peiris JSM*. Tropism and replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from dromedary camels in the human respiratory tract: an in-vitro and ex-vivo study[J]. Lancet Respir Med. 2014; 2:813-22.

Vijaykrishna D, Smith GDJ, Pybus OG, Zhu H, Bhatt S, Poon LLM, Riley S, Bahl J, Ma SK, Cheung CL, Perera RAPM, Chen H, Shortridge KF, Webby RJ, Webster RG, Guan Y*, Peiris JSM*. Long-term evolution and transmission dynamics of swine influenza A virus[J]. Nature 2011; 473: 519-22.

Cowling BJ, Chan KH, Fang VJ, Lau LLH, So THC, Fung ROP Ma ESK, Kwong ASK Chan CW, Tsui WWS, Ngai HY, Chu DWS, Lee PWY, Chiu MC, Leung GM, Peiris JSM. Comparative Epidemiology of Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza A in Households[J]. New Engl J Med 2010; 363: 2175-84.

Vijaykrishna D, Poon LLM, Zhu HC, Ma SK, Li OTW, Cheung CL, Smith GLD, Peiris JSM*, Guan Y*. Reassortment of pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A virus in swine[J]. Science 2010; 328: 1529

Smith GJ, Vijaykrishna D, Bahl J, Lycett SJ, Worobey M, Pybus OG, Ma SK, Cheung CL, Raghwani J, Bhatt S, Peiris JSM, Guan Y, Rambaut A. Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic[J]. Nature. 2009;459:1122-5.

Nicholls JM, Chan MC, Chan WY, Wong HK, Cheung CY, Kwong DL, Wong MP, Chui WH, Poon LL, Tsao SW, Guan Y, Peiris JSM*. Tropism of avian influenza A (H5N1) in the upper and lower respiratory tract[J]. Nat Med. 2007; 13: 147-9.

Li KS, Guan Y, Wang J, Smith GJ, Xu KM, Duan L, Rahardjo AP, Puthavathana P, Buranathai C, Nguyen TD, Estoepangestie AT, Chaisingh A, Auewarakul P, Long HT, Hanh NT, Webby RJ, Poon LL, Chen H, Shortridge KF, Yuen KY, Webster RG, Peiris JSM. Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia[J]. Nature. 2004; 430:209-13.

Arunachalam PS, Wimmers F, Mok CKP, Perera RAPM, Scott M, Hagan T, Sigal N, Feng Y, Bristow L, Tak-Yin Tsang O, Wagh D, Coller J, Pellegrini KL, Kazmin D, Alaaeddine G, Leung WS, Chan JMC, Chik TSH, Choi CYC, Huerta C, Paine McCullough M, Lv H, Anderson E, Edupuganti S, Upadhyay AA, Bosinger SE, Maecker HT, Khatri P, Rouphael N, Peiris M, Pulendran B. Systems biological assessment of immunity to mild versus severe COVID-19 infection in humans[J]. Science. 2020;369: 1210-1220.

Hachim A, Kavian N, Cohen CA, Chin AWH, Chu DKW, Mok CKP, Tsang OTY, Yeung YC, Perera RAPM, Poon LLM, Peiris JSM, Valkenburg SA. ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies are accurate serological markers of early and late SARS-CoV-2 infection[J]. Nat Immunol. 2020; 21:1293-1301.

Mok CKP, Zhu A, Zhao J, Lau EHY, Wang J, Chen Z, Zhuang Z, Wang Y, Alshukairi AN, Baharoon SA, Wang W, Tan W, Liang W, Oladipo JO, Perera RAPM, Kuranga SA, Peiris M*, Zhao J. T-cell responses to MERS coronavirus infection in people with occupational exposure to dromedary camels in Nigeria: an observational cohort study[J]. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021; 21:385-395.

Zhou Z, Hui KPY, So RTY, Lv H, Perera RAPM, Chu DKW, Gelaye E, Oyas H, Njagi O, Abayneh T, Kuria W, Walelign E, Wanglia R, El Masry I, Von Dobschuetz S, Kalpravidh W, Chevalier V, Miguel E, Fassi-Fihri O, Trarore A, Liang W, Wang Y, Nicholls JM, Zhao J, Chan MCW, Poon LLM, Mok CKP, Peiris M*. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of MERS coronaviruses from Africa to understand their zoonotic potential[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021; 118: e2103984118. ^[5] 

裴偉士擔任學術期刊《刺針感染性疾病》（Lancet Infectious Diseases）及《PLoS Medicine》編輯委員會委員 ^[5]  。

“裴偉士發現了冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-1）為導致2003年全球重症急性呼吸綜合徵（SARS）病原，以及由動物到人的傳染鏈，為人類應對MERS和COVID-19冠狀病毒引起的傳染病產生了重大影響” ^[6]  。（2021未來科學大獎生命科學獎頒獎詞）

裴偉士在深入瞭解亞洲各地新發傳染病，尤其是人畜流感及嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症（SARS）的爆發源頭、疫情防控措施和策略等方面做出了重大貢獻 ^[8]  。（約翰‧狄克斯加拿大蓋爾德納全球衞生獎評）