恰佩克

他的創作初期曾同哥哥約瑟夫合作創作了一些散文和劇本.20世紀20年代初，兄弟二人合寫出哲理劇《昆蟲生活》（1921）。這一時期他的主要作品有《羅素姆萬能機器人》（1920）以及1922年出版的科學幻想劇《長生訣》和科學幻想小説《原子狂想》（1924）等.他在從事新聞工作中，同社會有廣泛的接觸，使他有機會深入觀察社會生活.30年代，恰佩克的思想發生很大的變化，積極投入了反法西斯鬥爭.這一時期他的作品有：劇本《白色病》（1937）、《母親》（1938）和長篇小説《鯢魚之亂》。其中劇本《母親》是捷克愛國主義戲劇的傑作之一.恰佩克是捷克表現主義戲劇的先驅，他的戲劇藝術效果強烈，情節富有戲劇性，如在《母親》中，鬼魂與活人，生與死、夢幻與現實之間沒有明確界線，用這類表現手法，對社會中種種醜惡現象作無情諷刺，獲得強烈的藝術效果.《羅素姆萬能機器人》是恰佩克的代表作品.一位名叫羅素姆的哲學家研製出一種機器人，被資本家大批製造來充當勞動力.但是世界上如果充滿了幹活的機器人，人類就會停止生育、面臨末日.因此作者在作品中描寫了一對會戀愛和能夠生育的機器人，以此象徵人類將免遭滅亡.該劇於1921年演出，轟動歐洲.恰佩克所創造的“機器人”一詞，已被歐洲各國語言接受.參見“外國文學”中的“恰佩克”。 (1890-1938) The Czech novelist, playwright .1890 was born January 9 years, the Czech doctors in rural areas north of a family. Charles University in Prague to study philosophy, journalists do after graduation. His early stage of writing have been co-writing with his brother Joseph a number of essays and screenplays .20 early 20 century, two brothers co-wrote philosophical drama "Insect Life" (1921). Of his major works during this period as "Rossum Universal Robots" (1920), and in 1922 published in the science fiction drama "longevity tactic" and science fiction "atomic paranoia" (1924), etc.. He was engaged in journalistic work, have extensive contacts with the community so that he has an in-depth observation of social life .30 years, Capek undergone great changes in thinking, actively involved in the anti-fascist struggle. this period of his works are: the script "white disease" (1937), "Mother" (1938) and the novel "Salamander fish chaos." One play "mother" is a masterpiece of drama, one of the Czech patriotism. Capek Czechpioneerof expressionist drama, and hisdramaticart effects of a strong, dramatic plot, as in "mother", theghostsand the living, the Health and death, dream and reality there is no clear line between the use of such techniques from all the evils in society as ruthless satire, with strong artistic effect. "Rossum Universal Robots" is Capek's representative works. 1Bitphilosopher named Rossum developed a robot was to act as capitalists, a large number of manufacturing workers.Butthe world is full of to work, if the robot will stop human reproduction, facing doom. Therefore, the authors describe the works would love a pair of robots and able to give birth, as a symbol of humanity will be free from extinction. opera performances in 1921, a sensation in Europe. Capek created by the "robot" word has been accepted in Europe in foreign languages . See "ForeignLiterature" in the "Capek."