利維坦

《利維坦》是霍布斯的代表作品，是其政治哲學的集大成者。該書提出並完善了近代機械唯物主義理論體系，以唯物觀剖析了人性的本質；提出了自然狀態和自然法的思想，並推導出社會契約論；論述了國家起源和功能，構想了強大君主專政體制國家的體系；否定了神的存在，揭示了宗教實質，抨擊了凌駕於國家至上的教會權力；展現了與眾不同的新的至善觀，認為人性和至善無關，信守契約即為正義，破壞契約即為不善。

導 讀

TO MY MOST HONOR’D FRIEND Mr FRANCIS

GODOLPHIN of Godolphin

THE INTRODUCTION

The first Part

OF MAN

CHAP. 1 Of SENSE

CHAP. 2 Of IMAGINATION

CHAP. 3 Of the Consequence or TRAYNE of Imaginations

CHAP. 4 Of SPEECH

CHAP. 5 Of REASON, and SCIENCE

CHAP. 6 Of the Interiour Beginnings of Voluntary Motions; commonly called the PASSIONS. And the Speeches by which they are expressed

CHAP. 7 Of the Ends, or Resolutions of DISCOURSE

CHAP. 8 Of the VERTUES commonly called INTELLECTUALL; and their contrary DEFECTS

CHAP. 9 Of the Severall SUBJECTS of KNOWLEDGE

CHAP. 10 Of POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR, and WORTHINESSE

CHAP. 11 Of the difference of MANNERS

CHAP. 12 OF RELIGION

CHAP. 13 Of the NATURALL CONDITION of Mankind, as concerning their Felicity, and Misery

CHAP. 14 Of the first and second NATURALL LAWES, and of CONTRACTS

CHAP. 15 Of other Lawes of Nature

CHAP. 16 Of PERSONS, AUTHORS, and things Personated

The second Part

OF COMMON-WEALTH

CHAP. 17 Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a COMMON-WEALTH

CHAP. 18 Of the RIGHTS of Soveraignes by Institution

CHAP. 19 Of the severall Kinds cf Common-wealth by Institution, and of Succession to the Soveraigne Power

CHAP. 20 Of Dominion PATERNALL, and DESPOTICALL

CHAP. 21 Of the LIBERTY of Subjects

CHAP. 22 Of SYSTEMES Subject, Politicall, and Private

CHAP. 23 Of the PUBLIQUE MINISTERS of Soveraign Power

CHAP. 24 Of the NUTRITION, and PROCREATION of a Common-wealth

CHAP. 25 Of COUNSELL

CHAP. 26 Of CIVILL LAWES

CHAP. 27 Of CRIMES, EXCUSES, and EXTENUATIONS

CHAP. 28 Of PUNISHMENTS, and REWARDS

CHAP. 29 Of those things that Weaken, or tend to the DISSOLUTION of a Common-wealth

CHAP. 30 Of the OFFICE of the Soveraign Representative

CHAP. 31 Of the KINGDOME OF GOD BY NATURE

The third Part

OF A CHRISTIAN COMMON-WEALTH

CHAP. 32 Of the Principles of CHRISTIAN POLITIQUES

CHAP. 33 Of the Number, Antiquity, Scope, Authority, and Interpreters of the Books of Holy SCRIPTURE

CHAP. 34 Of the Signification of SPIRIT, ANGEL, and INSPIRATION in the Books of Holy Scripture

CHAP. 35 Of the Signification in Scripture of KINGDOME OF GOD, of HOLY, SACRED, and SACRAMENT

CHAP. 36 Of the WORD OF GOD, and of PROPHETS

CHAP. 37 Of MIRACLES, and their Use

CHAP. 38 Of the Signification in Scripture of ETERNALL LIFE, HELL, SALVATION, THE WORLD TO COME, and REDEMPTION

CHAP. 39 Of the signification in Scripture of the word CHURCH

CHAP. 40 Of the RIGHTS of the Kingdome of God, in Abraham, Moses, the High Priests, and the Kings of Judah

CHAP. 41 Of the OFFICE of our BLESSED SAVIOUR

CHAP. 42 Of POWER ECCLESIASTICALL

CHAP. 43 Of what is NECESSARY for a Mans Reception into the Kingdome of Heaven

The fourth Part

OF THE KINGDOME OF DARKNESSE

CHAP. 44 Of Spirituall Darknesse from MISINTERPRETATION of Scripture

CHAP. 45 Of DÆMONOLOGY, and other Reliques of the Religion of the Gentiles

CHAP. 46 Of DARKNESSE from VAIN PHILOSOPHY, and FABULOUS TRADITIONS

CHAP. 47 Of the BENEFIT that proceedeth from such Darknesse, and to whom it accreweth

A REVIEW, and CONCLUSION

術語彙編與簡釋

霍布斯（Thomas Hobbes，1588—1679）是英國著名政治家、哲學家，是現代政治學開創者之一，他提出了“自然狀態”和國家起源説，創立了機械唯物主義完整體系，他反對君權神授，主張以理性主義為基礎的君主專制政治哲學，同時也倡導以個人權利、自然平等、政治秩序為人文特徵的西方自由主義思潮的基本理念。其主要著述還有：《論公民》《論物質》《論政體》《論人》等。

註釋者簡介：韓曉龍，湖北大學外國語學院講師。研究方向為翻譯、倫理學等。