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一溴甲烷

鎖定
一溴甲烷常温下是無色氣體。通常無味，在高濃度時有甜味。
中文名
一溴甲烷
外文名
Methyl bromide
別    名
溴甲烷
化學式
CH3Br
分子量
94.94

目錄

  1. 1 使用範圍
  2. 2 基本信息
  3. 3 物理參數
  4. 4 產品用途
  5. 5 物質毒性

一溴甲烷使用範圍

被廣泛用於土壤消毒和消滅害蟲，但在蒙特利爾條約中屬於逐步禁用藥品。分子式CH3-Br。只含共價鍵。無同分異構體。可使用CH4與Br發生取代反應製得。

一溴甲烷基本信息

中文名稱：一溴甲烷
中文別名：甲基溴;溴甲烷
英文名稱：Methyl bromide
英文別名：Metafume; Brom-O-Gas; Brom-O-Gaz; Brom-O-Sol；bromomethane；Celfume; curafume；Dowfume；dowfume mc-2; dowfume mc-33；EDCO; embafume；Halon 1001；haltox; iscobrome；Kayafume；MB; MBX; MeBr; Meth-O-Gas; methogas; monobromomethane; profume; Rotox; terabol; Terr-O-Gas; terr-o-gas 100; Zytox
CAS號：74-83-9
EINECS號：200-813-2
分子式：CH3Br
分子量：94.94
InChI：InChI=1/CH3Br/c1-2/h1H3

一溴甲烷物理參數

相對密度1.730(0/4℃)。
熔點-93.66℃。
沸點3.6℃。
自燃點537.22℃。
蒸氣密度3.27。蒸氣與空氣混合物爆炸限13.5～14.5%
折射率 1.4432
溶解性 易溶於乙醇、氯仿、乙醚、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、苯。液體溴甲烷能與醇、醚、酮等混溶。

一溴甲烷產品用途

用作糧食、木材、倉庫殺蟲及煙草等土壤消毒，作製藥中間體、滅火劑。

一溴甲烷物質毒性

編號
毒性類型
測試方法
測試對象
使用劑量
毒性作用
1
acute
Inhalation
Human - man
60000 ppm/2H
1.行為毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
2
acute
Inhalation
Human - child
1 gm/m3/2H
1.血液毒性Blood - change in clotting factors
3
acute
Inhalation
Human
35 ppm
1.行為毒性Behavioral - anorexia (human)
2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
3.皮膚和附件毒性Skin and Appendages - corrosive (after topical exposure)
4
acute
Administration onto the skin
Human
35 gm/m3/40M-I
1.皮膚和附件毒性Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, irritative (after systemic exposure)
5
acute
Oral
Rodent - rat
214 mg/kg
1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
6
acute
Inhalation
Rodent - rat
302 ppm/8H
1.行為毒性Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
2.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
7
acute
Subcutaneous
Rodent - rat
135 mg/kg
1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
8
acute
Inhalation
Rodent - mouse
1540 mg/m3/2H
1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
9
acute
Oral
Mammal - dog
500 mg/kg
1.心臟毒性Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
10
acute
Inhalation
Rodent - rabbit
28900 mg/m3/30M
1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
11
acute
Inhalation
Rodent - guinea pig
300 ppm/9H
1.行為毒性Behavioral - muscle weakness
2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)
3.皮膚和附件毒性Skin and Appendages - hair
12
MutipleDose
Oral
Rodent - rat
21840 mg/kg/2Y-C
1.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition
2.皮膚和附件毒性Skin and Appendages - hair
3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
13
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Rodent - rat
120 ppm/6H/13W-I
1.血液毒性Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
2.血液毒性Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
14
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Rodent - rat
150 ppm/6H/5D-I
1.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases
2.生化毒性Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion)
15
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Rodent - rat
160 ppm/6H/6W-I
1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes
2.嗅覺毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified
3.心臟毒性Cardiac - other changes
16
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Rodent - rat
300 ppm/4H/3W-I
1.行為毒性Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
2.行為毒性Behavioral - ataxia
3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death
17
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Rodent - mouse
200 ppm/6H/14D-I
1.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death
18
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Rodent - mouse
120 ppm/6H/13W-I
1.行為毒性Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity
2.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death
19
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Rodent - mouse
160 ppm/6H/6W-I
1.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)
2.內分泌毒性Endocrine - other changes
3.血液毒性Blood - changes in spleen
20
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Primate - monkey
250 mg/m3/8H/26W-I
1.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change
2.行為毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
21
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Rodent - rabbit
130 mg/m3/8H/26W-I
1.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change
2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)
3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death
22
MutipleDose
Inhalation
Rodent - guinea pig
850 mg/m3/8H/26W-I
1.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change
2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema
3.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
23
Mutation

Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
400 ppm

24
Mutation

Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
5 gm/m3

25
Mutation

Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
3 pph

26
Mutation

Bacteria - Klebsiella pneumoniae
4750 mg/m3

27
Mutation
Inhalation
Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
8 mg/L/1H (Continuous)

28
Mutation
Inhalation
Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
150 mg/m3/6H

29
Mutation

Human Lymphocyte
95 mg/L

30
Mutation

Human Lymphocyte
43000 ppm

31
Mutation

Human Lymphocyte
5 mg/L

32
Mutation
Inhalation
Rodent - rat
338 ppm/6H/14D (Intermittent)

33
Mutation
Inhalation
Rodent - mouse
100 ppm/6H/14D (Intermittent)

34
Mutation
Inhalation
Rodent - mouse
200 ppm/6H/14D (Intermittent)

35
Mutation

Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
300 ug/L

36
Tumorigenic
Oral
Rodent - rat
3250 mg/kg/13W-I
1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - peritonitis
3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - tumors
37
Tumorigenic
Inhalation
Rodent - rat
30 ppm/6H/2.5Y-I
1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
2.嗅覺毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors
38
Reproductive
Oral
Rodent - rat
300 mg/kg,female 6-15 day(s) after conception
1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects
39
Reproductive
Oral
Rodent - rabbit
130 mg/kg,female 6-18 day(s) after conception
1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects
[1-31] 
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