Reed Elsevier

重要人物：CEO: Sir Crispin Davis；Chairman: Jan Hommen 年營業額：£5,398 million (2006)

税前盈餘：£1,210 million (2006)

淨利：£623 million (2006)

員工數：36,000

子公司：Elsevier、LexisNexis、Harcourt Education、Reed Business Information

2002年，裏德國際公司和愛思唯爾公司各分別易名為Reed Elsevier PLC和Reed Elsevier NV。前者在英國倫敦證交所（LSE）掛牌，代碼REL，持有出版集團的50%股權和金融集團的39%股權；後者在泛歐股票交易所（Euronext）掛牌，代碼REN，持有出版集團的50%股權和金融集團的61%股權。

裏德國際公司成立於1894年英國，創始人是Albert E. Reed，從新聞用紙製造商起家。公司原以創始人Albert Reed為名，1903年Albert Reed & Co.公開發行，1970後年陸續易名為Reed International Ltd（1970），Reed International PLC（1982），到現在的Reed Elsevier PLC（2002） 。

愛思唯爾公司 　1951年Elsevier NV出版公司成立

《細胞》(雜誌)（Cell）

《柳葉刀》醫學期刊|（The Lancet）或譯《刺胳針》

荷蘭《醫學文摘》（Excerpta Medica Database）

《Tetrahedron Letters》

《新科學人》（New Scientist）

[編輯]裏德愛思唯爾集團旗下子公司

Academic Press

Butterworth Heinemann

Cahners Business Information

Cahners Travel Group

Churchill Livingstone

Elsevier Business Information

Elsevier Opleidingen

Elsevier Science

Les Editions du Juris-Classeur

LexisNexis

Reed Business Information

Reed Educational & Professional Publishing

Reed Exhibition Companies

Reed Technology and Information Services

Springhouse Corporation

Staempfli Verlag

Martindale-Hubbell

Mosby

Pan European Publishing Company

W. B. Saunders

Reed Elsevier has a proud heritage stretching back to the late 19th century and to the pioneering work of two industrialists, one English, one Dutch.

Albert E Reed laid part of the foundations of what is today Reed Elsevier when he set up a newsprint manufacturing plant in England in 1894. His business became a public company under his own name in 1903

It was not until 1970 that the company was renamed Reed International Limited. It expanded through merger and acquisitions and by producing industrial magazines through its subsidiary IPC Business Press Ltd and consumer magazines through IPC Magazines Ltd. In 1982 the name changed again to Reed International PLC and, in 2002, to Reed Elsevier PLC.

Other foundations for the group were laid in 1880, when Jacobus George Robbers set up a publishing company in Rotterdam. He called it Elsevier after a 16th Century family of booksellers and printers who had, among other things, published the works of the Dutch philosopher, Erasmus.

In 1951, Elsevier Press Inc was set up in the US. Some ten years later offices had been opened in New York and London. The rapid growth continued in the 1970s and by the end of that decade the company had been renamed Elsevier Scientific Publishers. Other acquisitions and mergers continued this growth, including the purchase of the UK’s Pergamon Press in 1991, two years before the merger that created Reed Elsevier.

It has three target markets – Science and Medical(20.59 and 21.45 billion$, ), Legal and Risk Management(15.79 billion$, ), and Business publishing( 21.99billion$, ).

The Thomson Corporation

The Thomson Corporation is a global leader in providing essential electronic workflow solutions to business and professional customers. With operational headquarters in Stamford, Conn., Thomson provides value-added information, software tools and applications to professionals in the fields of law, tax, accounting, financial services, scientific research and healthcare. The Corporation's common shares are listed on the New York and Toronto stock exchanges

Thomson Reuturs：In reviewing the history of Thomson we can find that It expanded through merger and acquisitions , and merger is the basic way to realize its various businesses

· Thomson acquires NewsEdge Corporation, a global provider of real-time news and information.

· Thomson acquires select higher education and corporate training businesses of Harcourt General.

· Thomson acquires FindLaw, the leader in free online legal information and services.

· The Globe and Mail becomes part of Bell Globemedia, a Canadian multimedia company, in which The Thomson Corporation holds a 20% ownership position.

· 2003

· Thomson sells print-based healthcare magazines.

· Thomson acquires Elite Information Group, a leading provider of integrated practice and financial management applications for legal and professional services markets

· Thomson sells its 20% interest in Bell Globemedia Inc. for $279 million to The Woodbridge Company Limited. The sale of Bell Globemedia, including the Corporation's interest in The Globe and Mail, is the culmination of the Thomson strategy to exit the newspaper business undertaken in February 2000.

· Reuters launches Reuters Knowledge opening up a new market on the buy-side of the financial services industry

· 2004

· Thomson acquires Information Holdings Inc., a provider of intellectual property and regulatory information for the scientific, legal, and corporate markets to further advance its capability to develop pharmaceutical and intellectual property solutions.

· Thomson acquires TradeWeb, a fast-growing and leading online global trading platform for fixed-income securities.

· Thomson sells Thomson Media group, comprised of leading print-based information products, to Investcorp.

· Thomson acquires CCBN, a provider of web-based solutions for the investment community, to further expand its offerings for the corporate communications market.

· Thomson sells DBM (Drake Beam Morin), which was acquired along with other Harcourt assets in 2001, to Compass Partners International Limited.

· 2005

· Thomson Financial partnered with Merrill Lynch to complete the rollout of more than 23,000 workstations across more than 550 Merrill Lynch offices.

· Thomson acquires Global Securities Information, Inc., a leading provider of online securities and securities-related information and research services.

· Thomson acquires Tax Partners®, LLC, the nation's largest sales and use tax compliance service firm enabling Thomson to offer end-to-end sales and use tax solutions.

· Thomson introduces the launch of Thomson Pharma bringing an indispensable information solution to the workflow of the drug discovery and development process.

· Reuters transfers its London headquarters from Fleet Street to Canary Wharf. All London employees, including editorial, are brought into one building.

· 2006

· Kenneth R. Thomson, former chairman of the Board of The Thomson Corporation, dies at the age of 82.

· Thomson Healthcare acquires Solucient, a leading healthcare information provider of data and advanced analytics that hospitals and health systems use to improve performance and lower costs.

· Thomson Scientific acquires Scholar One, web-based workflow solution for authoring, evaluating and publishing research to more than two million users.

· Thomson Financial acquires Quantitative Analytics, Inc., a leading provider of database integration and analysis solutions to the financial services industry.

· Thomson Healthcare acquires MercuryMD, Inc., the leading provider of mobile information systems serving the healthcare market.

· Reuters launches the first news bureau in the virtual world of Second Life.

· Reuters launches two products that allow its news output to be "read" by machines for the purposes of automated trading for the first time.

· 2007

· The Thomson Corporation and Reuters Group PLC announce that they are in discussions for the combination of their two businesses.

· Thomson completes sale of higher education, careers and library reference assets of Thomson Learning on July 5.

· 2008

· The Thomson Corporation and Reuters Group PLC combine to form Thomson Reuters.

兼併是它實現多種經營的基本手段。除了多元化的經營理念、以人為本（human-oriented ）的服務理念外，為了適應時代的進步和要求，積極應用信息技術、提供各類電子解決方案，積極拓展國際市場也成為湯姆森集團重要的發展理念。

湯姆森是全球主要的金融信息提供商之一。目前在全球僱員人數約為3.2萬，去年銷售收入66億美元。該集團創辦者羅伊·湯姆森上世紀30年代着手建造他的傳媒王國。目前，以戴維·湯姆森為首的湯姆森家族擁有220億美元資產，是世界第10大富豪。

路透其歷史可追溯到1849年，當時，德裔移民保羅·路透通過他的45只信鴿，在德國亞琛與比利時的布魯塞爾之間傳遞股市行情。經過一個半世紀的發展，路透集團已發展為一個集新聞信息、財經服務、投資管理於一身的大型跨國公司。

2008年，湯姆森成功併購路透，合併後的新公司年收入達到約60億英鎊，從而取代美國彭博新聞社，成為全球最大金融信息服務提供商。兩家公司合併後，路透現任首席執行官湯姆·格洛瑟將成為新公司首席執行官。新公司將擁有4．9萬名員工，年收入約為120億美元，在全球金融信息市場佔據約34%的份額。

英國的大學出版是伴隨着學術出版而發展起來的，二次世界大戰以後，隨着英國國內高等教育的發展，學術出版業也獲得了發展的機會。到20世紀60年代，英國形成了一個較為完善的學術出版業。

除了一牛津大學出版社（Oxford University Press, OUP）和劍橋大學出版社(Cambridge University Press, CUP)為首的主力軍外，市場上還活躍着眾多商業出版社如麥克米倫出版公司( Macmillian )、路特里奇與克幹×保羅出版社( Routledge & Kegan Paul )、布萊克維爾出版社(Black-well)、米蘇恩出版社(Methuen)、愛德華×阿諾出版社(Edward Arnold)以及艾倫×昂文出版社(Allen & Unwin)等。

從20世紀70年代開始，英國的學術出版逐漸發生變化，在70年代初，英國出現了幾家新的出版公司，如哈維斯特出版社（Harvester）,這些出版社主要致力於開拓學術書籍的出口市場，尤其是北美圖書館市場。80年代初期，由於英國國內圖書館消減學術專著的購買量，這一市場開始萎縮。英國中小學術出版社庫存猛增，加之1979年的經濟危機導致學術出版社之間的購併。到了20世紀90年代，英國學術出版業經過重組、形成了6家出版巨頭。他們分別是OUP, CUP, Macmillian, Routledge & Kegan Paul (Tomson) ,Black-well and Longman(Pearson).這6巨頭左右了英國4億英鎊的學術出版市場。

牛津和劍橋出版社免於被收購主要歸功於政府政策傾斜，當然離不開出版社自身的開拓，他們對英國的學術出版和世界學術出版的雙子星座，他們的歷史和現狀從某種意義上來説代表了英國乃至世界學術出版的歷史和現狀。

牛津大學創辦於1478年，已有500多年的歷史，年營業額達到5000多萬英鎊，從業人員2000有人，出版社分為4個部門，即專業書部、一般書部、教育部和國際部。其中專業書部的規模最大。

Humanities, Social Sciences, Law, Science, Medicine, Journals, Music, Oxford World's Classics

English Language Teaching, School and FE Textbooks, Children's Fiction and Poetry, Higher Education Textbooks

English Dictionaries, Bilingual Dictionaries, Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Reference, Children's/School Dictionaries and Reference, ELT Dictionaries

The most successful case: Oxford English Dictionary (1958-1928) , covering 414825 words

Oxford claimed that in the world six persons buy its dictionary every minute.

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