Laravel入門與實戰

本書從基礎開始詳細地講解了Laravel開發框架。本書對Laravel框架進行了系統的介紹，包括Laravel的背景、Laravel開發環境的搭建、路由與控制器、Blade模板、前端組件、收集和處理用户數據、Artisan和Tinker、數據庫和Eloquent、容器、Laravel測試等知識。通過閲讀本書，讀者可以比較全面地學習並掌握Laravel開發的相關理論知識。另外，書中涵蓋大量實例，更有利於讀者在學習過程中不斷實踐。 ^[1] 

前言 ..........................................................................................xxiii

第1 章　為什麼使用Laravel ..........................................................1

為什麼要使用框架 .................................................................................................1

“自己動手做” ..................................................................................................2

一致性和靈活性 ..............................................................................................2

Web 和PHP 框架的簡史 ........................................................................................2

Ruby on Rail ....................................................................................................2

PHP 框架的湧入 ..............................................................................................3

CodeIgniter 的優點與缺點 ..............................................................................3

Laravel 1、Laravel 2 和Laravel 3 ...................................................................3

Laravel 4 .........................................................................................................4

Laravel 5 .........................................................................................................4

Laravel 有什麼特別之處 ........................................................................................4

Laravel 的哲學 ................................................................................................4

Laravel 如何讓開發者快樂 ..............................................................................5

Laravel 社區 ....................................................................................................6

它是如何工作的 .....................................................................................................6

為什麼使用Laravel ................................................................................................9

第2 章　搭建Laravel 的開發環境 ................................................11

系統要求 ....................................................................................................... 11

Composer ...................................................................................................... 11

本地開發環境 ......................................................................................................12

Laravel Valet ..................................................................................................12

Laravel Homestead ........................................................................................13

創建一個新的Laravel 項目 .................................................................................17

使用Laravel 安裝工具來安裝Laravel ..........................................................17

通過Composer 的create-project 來安裝Laravel ...........................................17

Laravel 的目錄結構 ..............................................................................................18

文件夾 ...........................................................................................................18

文件 ...............................................................................................................19

配置 .....................................................................................................................19

啓動和運行 ..........................................................................................................20

測試 .....................................................................................................................21

本章小結 ..............................................................................................................21

第3 章　路由和控制器 ................................................................23

路由定義 ..............................................................................................................23

路由處理 .......................................................................................................25

路由參數 .......................................................................................................26

路由名稱 .......................................................................................................27

路由組 ..................................................................................................................30

中間件 ...........................................................................................................30

路徑前綴 .......................................................................................................31

子域名路由 ...................................................................................................32

命名空間前綴 ................................................................................................33

名稱前綴 .......................................................................................................33

視圖 .....................................................................................................................33

使用視圖Composers 在每個視圖中共享變量 ...............................................35

控制器 ..................................................................................................................35

獲取用户輸入 ................................................................................................38

將依賴注入控制器 ........................................................................................39

資源控制器 ...................................................................................................40

路由模型綁定 ......................................................................................................42

隱式路由模型綁定 ........................................................................................42

自定義路由模型綁定 .....................................................................................43

路由緩存 ..............................................................................................................44

表單方法欺騙（Form Method Spoofing） .............................................................44

HTTP 動詞的介紹 .........................................................................................44

Laravel 中的HTTP 動詞 ...............................................................................45

在HTML 表單中進行HTTP 方法欺騙 .........................................................45

CSRF 保護 ...........................................................................................................45

重定向 ..................................................................................................................47

redirect()->to() ...............................................................................................48

redirect()->route() ..........................................................................................48

redirect()->back() ..........................................................................................49

其他重定向方法 ............................................................................................49

redirect()->with() ...........................................................................................49

中止請求 ..............................................................................................................51

自定義響應 ..........................................................................................................51

response()->make() ........................................................................................51

response()->json() 和->jsonp() ......................................................................52

response()->download() 和->file() ................................................................52

測試 .....................................................................................................................52

本章小結 ..............................................................................................................53

第4 章　Blade 模板 ....................................................................55

輸出數據 ..............................................................................................................56

控制結構 ..............................................................................................................56

條件語句 .......................................................................................................57

循環語句 .......................................................................................................57

or ...................................................................................................................59

模板繼承 ..............................................................................................................60

用@section/@show 和@yield 定義Section .................................................60

@parent .........................................................................................................62

@include .......................................................................................................62

@each ............................................................................................................63

視圖Composer 和服務注入 .................................................................................63

用視圖Composer 綁定數據到視圖 ...............................................................64

Blade 服務注入 .............................................................................................67

自定義Blade 指令 ...............................................................................................68

自定義Blade 指令中的參數 ..........................................................................69

示例：對多租户應用程序（Multitenant App）使用自定義Blade 指令........70

測試 .....................................................................................................................71

本章小結 ..............................................................................................................72

第5 章　前端組件 .......................................................................73

Elixir ....................................................................................................................73

Elixir 文件夾結構 ..........................................................................................75

運行Elixir .....................................................................................................75

Elixir 提供了什麼 ..........................................................................................76

分頁 .....................................................................................................................82

分頁數據庫結果 ............................................................................................82

手動創建分頁 ................................................................................................83

消息包 ..................................................................................................................84

錯誤包命名 ...................................................................................................85

字符串助手、多元化和本地化 ............................................................................86

字符串助手和多元化 .....................................................................................86

本地化 ...........................................................................................................87

測試 .....................................................................................................................89

用Elixir 進行測試 .........................................................................................89

測試消息包和錯誤包 .....................................................................................90

翻譯和本地化 ................................................................................................90

本章小結 ..............................................................................................................90

第6 章　收集和處理用户數據 ......................................................91

注入請求對象 ......................................................................................................91

$request->all() ...............................................................................................92

$request->except() 和 $request->only() .......................................................92

$request->has() 與$request->exists() ............................................................93

$request->input() ...........................................................................................93

數組輸入 .......................................................................................................94

JSON 輸入（$request->json()） ......................................................................94

路由數據 ..............................................................................................................96

通過Request 實現 .........................................................................................96

通過路由參數實現 ........................................................................................96

上傳的文件 ..........................................................................................................96

驗證 .....................................................................................................................99

在控制器中使用ValidatesRequests 的validate() 方法 ..................................99

手動驗證 ..................................................................................................... 102

顯示驗證錯誤信息 ...................................................................................... 102

表單請求 ............................................................................................................ 103

創建表單請求 .............................................................................................. 103

使用表單請求 .............................................................................................. 104

Eloquent 模型質量分配 ...................................................................................... 105

{{ 與 {!! ............................................................................................................. 106

測試 ................................................................................................................... 106

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 107

第7 章　Artisan 和Tinker .........................................................109

Artisan 入門 ....................................................................................................... 109

Artisan 的基本命令 ............................................................................................ 110

選項 ............................................................................................................. 110

組合命令 ..................................................................................................... 111

書寫常見的Artisan 命令 .................................................................................... 113

註冊命令 ..................................................................................................... 115

示例命令 ..................................................................................................... 116

參數和選項 ................................................................................................. 117

輸入 ............................................................................................................. 118

提示 ............................................................................................................ 120

輸出 ............................................................................................................. 121

在其他代碼中調用Artisan 命令 ........................................................................ 122

Tinker ................................................................................................................. 123

測試 ................................................................................................................... 124

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 125

第8 章　數據庫和Eloquent .......................................................127

配置 ................................................................................................................... 127

數據庫連接 ................................................................................................. 127

其他數據庫配置選項 ................................................................................... 129

遷移 ................................................................................................................... 129

定義遷移 ..................................................................................................... 129

運行遷移 ..................................................................................................... 137

填充 ................................................................................................................... 138

創建填充器 ................................................................................................. 138

模型工廠 ..................................................................................................... 139

查詢構造器 ........................................................................................................ 143

DB Facade 的基本使用................................................................................ 143

原始SQL 語句 ............................................................................................ 144

查詢構造器鏈 .............................................................................................. 145

事務 ............................................................................................................. 153

Eloquent 入門 ..................................................................................................... 154

新建和定義Eloquent 模型 .......................................................................... 156

通過Eloquent 獲取數據 .............................................................................. 157

Eloquent 的插入和更新 ............................................................................... 159

Eloquent 中的刪除 ...................................................................................... 162

作用域 ......................................................................................................... 164

自定義與訪問器、修改器和屬性轉換器的字段交互 .................................. 167

Eloquent 集合 .............................................................................................. 171

Eloquent 序列化 .......................................................................................... 173

Eloquent 關係 .............................................................................................. 175

通過子類更新父類時間戳 ........................................................................... 186

Eloquent 事件 ..................................................................................................... 188

測試 ................................................................................................................... 189

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 191

第9 章　用户認證和授權 ...........................................................193

用户模型和遷移 ................................................................................................. 194

使用auth() 全局助手和認證Facade .................................................................. 197

Auth 控制器 ....................................................................................................... 197

RegisterController ....................................................................................... 197

LoginController ........................................................................................... 199

ResetPasswordController ............................................................................. 200

ForgotPasswordController ........................................................................... 200

Auth::routes() ..................................................................................................... 200

認證腳手架（Auth Scaffold） ............................................................................. 201

“記住我” ............................................................................................................ 202

手動認證用户 .................................................................................................... 203

認證中間件 ........................................................................................................ 204

保護 ................................................................................................................... 204

修改默認保護 .............................................................................................. 205

在不改變默認情況下使用其他保護 ............................................................ 205

添加新的保護 .............................................................................................. 205

創建自定義用户提供器 ............................................................................... 206

為非關係型數據庫自定義用户提供器 ........................................................ 207

認證事件 ............................................................................................................ 207

授權（ACL）和角色 ......................................................................................... 208

定義授權規則 .............................................................................................. 208

Gate facade（和注入Gate） ......................................................................... 209

Authorize 中間件 ......................................................................................... 210

控制器授權 ................................................................................................. 210

檢查用户實例 .............................................................................................. 212

Blade 檢查 ................................................................................................... 213

插入檢查 ..................................................................................................... 213

政策 ............................................................................................................. 214

測試 ................................................................................................................... 216

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 218

第10 章　請求和響應 ................................................................221

Laravel 請求的生命週期 .................................................................................... 221

引導應用程序 .............................................................................................. 222

服務提供者 ................................................................................................. 223

Request 對象 ...................................................................................................... 224

在Laravel 中獲取請求對象 ......................................................................... 225

獲取請求的基本信息 ................................................................................... 225

持久性 ......................................................................................................... 228

Response 對象 .................................................................................................... 228

在容器中使用和創建Response 類 .............................................................. 229

特殊的響應類型 .......................................................................................... 230

Laravel 和中間件 ............................................................................................... 233

中間件入門 ................................................................................................. 233

創建自定義中間件 ...................................................................................... 234

綁定中間件 ................................................................................................. 236

向中間件傳參 .............................................................................................. 239

測試 ................................................................................................................... 240

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 241

第11 章　容器 ..........................................................................243

依賴注入簡介 .................................................................................................... 243

依賴注入和Laravel ............................................................................................ 245

app() 全局助手 ................................................................................................... 245

容器如何連接 .................................................................................................... 246

將類綁定到容器 ................................................................................................. 247

綁定到閉包 ................................................................................................. 247

綁定單例模式、別名和實例 ....................................................................... 248

將具體實例綁定到接口 ............................................................................... 249

語境綁定 ..................................................................................................... 250

構造器注入 ........................................................................................................ 250

方法注入 ............................................................................................................ 251

facade 與容器 ..................................................................................................... 252

facade 如何工作 .......................................................................................... 252

服務提供者 ........................................................................................................ 254

測試 ................................................................................................................... 254

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 255

第12 章　測試 ..........................................................................257

測試基礎 ............................................................................................................ 258

命名測試 ............................................................................................................ 260

測試環境 ............................................................................................................ 261

測試特性 ............................................................................................................ 262

WithoutMiddleware ..................................................................................... 262

數據庫遷移 ................................................................................................. 262

數據庫事務 ................................................................................................. 263

應用程序測試 .................................................................................................... 263

測試用例 ..................................................................................................... 263

“訪問”路徑 ................................................................................................ 264

自定義應用測試斷言 ................................................................................... 266

JSON 和Non-visit() 應用測試斷言 ............................................................. 267

點擊和表單 ................................................................................................. 271

任務和事件 ................................................................................................. 273

認證和會話 ................................................................................................. 273

Artisan 和Seed................................................................................................... 274

mock（模擬） ..................................................................................................... 275

Mockery ...................................................................................................... 275

模擬facade .................................................................................................. 278

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 279

第13 章　編寫API ....................................................................281

類REST JSON API 基礎 .................................................................................... 281

控制器組織和JSON 返回 .................................................................................. 282

讀取和發送頭 .................................................................................................... 286

在Laravel 中發送響應頭 ............................................................................ 287

在Laravel 中讀取請求頭 ............................................................................ 287

Eloquent 分頁 ..................................................................................................... 287

排序和篩選 ........................................................................................................ 289

對API 結果排序 .......................................................................................... 289

過濾API 結果 ............................................................................................. 291

數據轉換 ............................................................................................................ 292

編寫自己的轉換器 ...................................................................................... 292

嵌套和關係 ........................................................................................................ 293

使用Laravel Passport 的API 認證 ..................................................................... 295

OAuth2.0 簡介 ............................................................................................. 295

安裝Passport ............................................................................................... 296

Passport 的API ........................................................................................... 297

Passport 可用的授權類型 ............................................................................ 298

使用Passport API 和Vue 組件管理客户端和令牌 ...................................... 305

Passport 作用域 ........................................................................................... 307

Laravel 5.2 以上版本的API 令牌認證 ............................................................... 309

測試 ................................................................................................................... 310

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 311

第14 章　存儲和檢索 ................................................................313

本地和雲端文件管理器 ...................................................................................... 313

配置文件訪問 .............................................................................................. 313

使用存儲facade .......................................................................................... 314

添加額外的Flysystem 提供商 ..................................................................... 316

基本的文件上傳和操作 ...................................................................................... 317

會話 ................................................................................................................... 318

訪問會話 ..................................................................................................... 318

會話實例的可用方法 ................................................................................... 319

閃存會話存儲 .............................................................................................. 321

高速緩存器cache ............................................................................................... 321

訪問高速緩存 .............................................................................................. 322

Cache 實例中可用的方法 ............................................................................ 322

cookie ................................................................................................................. 324

Laravel 中的cookie ..................................................................................... 324

訪問cookie 工具 ......................................................................................... 324

基於Laravel Scout 全文搜索 ............................................................................. 327

安裝Scout ................................................................................................... 327

標記索引模型 .............................................................................................. 327

索引檢索 ..................................................................................................... 328

隊列和Scout ............................................................................................... 328

執行無索引操作 .......................................................................................... 328

通過代碼手動觸發索引 ............................................................................... 329

利用CLI 手動觸發索引 .............................................................................. 329

測試 ................................................................................................................... 329

文件存儲 ..................................................................................................... 329

會話 ............................................................................................................. 331

高速緩存 ..................................................................................................... 332

cookie .......................................................................................................... 332

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 334

第15 章　郵件和通知 ................................................................335

郵件 ................................................................................................................... 335

“classic”郵件 ............................................................................................. 336

基本“mailable”郵件................................................................................. 336

郵件模版 ..................................................................................................... 339

build() 中可用的方法 .................................................................................. 339

附件和內聯圖片 .......................................................................................... 340

隊列 ............................................................................................................. 341

本地開發 ..................................................................................................... 342

通知 ................................................................................................................... 344

為通知對象定義via() 方法 ......................................................................... 346

發送通知 ..................................................................................................... 347

排隊通知 ..................................................................................................... 348

開箱即用的通知類型 ................................................................................... 348

測試 ................................................................................................................... 351

郵件 ............................................................................................................. 351

通知 ............................................................................................................. 352

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 352

第16 章　隊列，任務，事件，廣播及調度程序 ...........................353

隊列 ................................................................................................................... 353

為什麼使用隊列 .......................................................................................... 354

基本隊列配置 .............................................................................................. 354

列隊任務 ..................................................................................................... 354

運行隊列工作者 .......................................................................................... 358

錯誤處理 ..................................................................................................... 358

控制隊列 ..................................................................................................... 361

支持其他功能的隊列 ................................................................................... 361

事件 ................................................................................................................... 362

觸發事件 ..................................................................................................... 362

監聽事件 ..................................................................................................... 364

通過WebSocket 廣播事件及Laravel Echo ........................................................ 367

配置和設置 ................................................................................................. 368

廣播事件 ..................................................................................................... 368

接收消息 ..................................................................................................... 371

高級廣播工具 .............................................................................................. 372

Laravel Echo（JavaScript 方面）.................................................................. 376

調度程序 ............................................................................................................ 379

可用任務類型 .............................................................................................. 380

可用時間框架 .............................................................................................. 380

阻塞和重疊 ................................................................................................. 382

處理任務輸出 .............................................................................................. 382

任務鈎子 ..................................................................................................... 383

測試 ................................................................................................................... 384

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 385

第17 章　助手和集合 ................................................................387

助手 ................................................................................................................... 387

數組 ............................................................................................................. 387

字符串 ......................................................................................................... 389

應用路徑 ..................................................................................................... 391

URL ............................................................................................................. 392

Misc（宏指令結構技術體系） ..................................................................... 394

集合 ................................................................................................................... 397

集合的基礎 ................................................................................................. 397

幾種方法 ..................................................................................................... 399

本章小結 ............................................................................................................ 404

詞彙表 ......................................................................................405