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過去式

(英語語法)

鎖定
過去式(past tense)是英語語法的一種,表示過去某個時間裏發生的動作或狀態。一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞原形的過去式形式來表示,而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規則動詞和不規則動詞
中文名
過去式
外文名
past tense
類    型
英語語法
釋    義
過去某個時間裏發生的動作或狀態

過去式定義

過去式 過去式
⒈過去發生的而已經結束的動作需要用一般過去式來表示。
⒉表示過去某個時間裏發生的動作或狀態。
過去時態表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。
過去時態結構】是指過去時態下的動詞形式的語法構成。

過去式動詞變化規則

  1. 一般動詞直接加-ed,例如:look-looked;
  2. 以啞e結尾的動詞直接加-d,例如:dance-danced;
  3. 輔音字母加y結尾的,變y為i再加ed,例如:study-studied;
  4. 以重讀閉音節結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫這個輔音字母加-ed,例如:skip-skipped;
  5. 以c結尾的動詞,要變c為ck,再加-ed;
  6. 以l結尾的動詞,若以非重讀音節結尾,則末尾的字母雙寫與不雙寫均可。其中不雙寫的是美式拼寫。例如:travel-travelled/traveled(美);
  7. 部分以-p結尾的動詞同樣遵循第6條,這類詞多由“前綴+名詞”構成。例如:worship-worshipped/worshiped(美)、handicap-handicapped/handicaped(美)。
注:英語26個字母中,除了a,e,i,o,u 這幾個元音字母外,其他都是輔音字母

過去式不規則動詞

  1. 動詞過去式與原形相同;
  2. 動詞過去式以-ought或-aught結尾的單詞;
  3. 動詞過去式由原形結尾的-end變為-ent;
  4. 動詞過去式以-elt,-eft,-ept結尾;
  5. 動詞過去式與原形比較,其中一個元音字母發生改變;
  6. 動詞過去式以-ew結尾;
  7. 動詞過去式-ee-變為-e-。

過去式動詞過去式

不規則動詞過去式
is-was
are-were
am-was
go-went
do,does-did
make-made
have-had
run-ran
tell-told
eat-ate
get-got
draw-drew
put -put
read-read
take-took
die-died
fly-flew
cut-cut
meet-met
tell-told
build-built
lose-lost
hear-heard
choose-chose
forget-forgot
sink-sank
sing-sang
begin-began
ring-rang
drink-drank
draw-drew
lie-lay
know-knew
teach-taught
swim-swam
stand-stood
keep-kept
think-thought
規則動詞:
call,live,walk,talk,jump,use,plant,want,water,play,stop,study,visit,learn(learned/learnt)。

過去式其他變化

1.原形-過去式-過去分詞全相同
cost——cost——cost 價值
cut——cut——cut 切,割,砍
hit——hit——hit 打
hurt——hurt——hurt 傷害
read/ri:d/——read/red/——read/red/ 讀
put——put——put 放
let——let——let 讓
shut——shut——shut 關
2. 過去分詞與原形相同,過去式改o/u為a
become—became—become 變得,成為
come—came—come 來
run—ran—run 跑
3. 原形-過去式-過去分詞是i-a-u的變化
begin—began—begun 開始
drink---drank—drunk 喝
ring---rang—rung 打電話
sing---sang---sung 唱(歌)
swim---swam---swum 游泳
4. 過去分詞在原形後加-en
eat—ate---eaten
fall---fell—fallen 落下;跌倒
5. 過去式和過去分詞都去掉原形的一個e
feed---fed—fed 餵養,飼養
meet---met---met 碰到,見面,會面
6. 過去分詞在原形後加-n
blow—blew—blown 吹
grow—grew—grown 種植;生長
throw---threw---thrown 投;擲;扔
know---knew——known知道;懂得;認為
draw—drew—drawn 畫
fly--- flew---flown飛
see --- saw --- seen 看見,看到
show---showed---shown 出示;給...看
give--- gave ---given 給
drive---drove---driven 駕駛
take---took---taken 拿去;帶去
7. 過去分詞以-en結尾
bite--- bit --- bitten 咬
ride---rode---ridden 騎(車,馬等)
hold---held---holden 握住
break---broke---broken 弄壞,弄破
choose--chose--chosen 選擇
speak---spoke---spoken 講話;演講
wake---woke---woken 使...醒來;弄醒
forget---forgot---forgotten 忘記
get---got---gotten 得到
hide---hid---hidden 躲,藏
8. 過去分詞以-ne結尾
do --- did --- done 做,幹
go --- went --- gone
9.過去式與過去分詞都有aught結尾
catch---caught ---caught 捉住;抓住
teach---taught---taught 教
10.過去式和過去分詞都以-ought結尾
bring---brought---brought 拿來;帶來
buy ---bought ---bought 買
fight---fought---fought 打架;打仗
think---thought--thought 想;認為
seek---sought--sought尋求
11.
dig ---dug ---dug 挖
get ---got---got 得到;獲得
sit --- sat --- sat 坐下
hold---held ---held 舉行;握住
shine --- shone --- shone 照耀
say--- said ---said 説
pay---paid---paid 付賬;為...付款
make---made---made 製造;製作
tell --- told --- told 告訴
sell---sold---sold 賣
stand --- stood --- stood 站立
understand-understood-understood 明白;理解
find --- found --- found 發現
12. 過去式和過去分詞都在原形後加d或t
hear--heard--heard 聽見;聽説
mean --meant--meant 意思是
13. 過去式和過去分詞都以elt,eft或ept結尾
feel --- felt --- felt 感覺
keep --- kept --- kept 保持
sleep---slept---slept 睡覺
leave --- left --- left 離開
14 .
have --- had --- had 有
lose --- lost --- lost 丟失;迷失
build---built---built 建造;建設
send --- sent --- sent 寄;送
lend---lent---lent 借
spend --- spent --- spent 花費(時間,金錢)
15.
lie --- lay --- lain 躺;位於
wear --- wore --- worn 穿;戴
be ---was, were --- been
16. 只有過去式
can --- could
may --- might 可能,也許
shall---should 將要
will---would 將要
17. 過去式和過去分詞均有兩個
burn-burned/burnt-burned/burnt 燃燒
dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt 做夢;夢見
learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt 學會
smell--smelled/smelt--smelled/smelt 聞
spell--spelled/spelt--spelled/spelt 拼寫
Be動詞的一般過去時
內容在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞, am is 的過去式為was; are的過去式為were
肯定句:主語 + be(was , were) + 其它.
否定句:主語 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.
一般疑問句:Be(was , were) + 主語 + 其它?
注:在這種構成中,be動詞有人稱和數的變化,即要根據主語選用was / were。Be動詞分為單數和複數,was是表示單數,were是表示複數。
注:1. diddidn’t是構成一般過去時助動詞,其特點是要在其後跟動詞的原形。
2.實意動詞do的一般過去時
肯定句要使用動詞的過去式否定句疑問句要使用助動詞do和 does 的過去式 did.
肯定句式:主語 + 動詞(過去式)+ 其它
否定句式:主語 + didn’t + 動詞(原形)+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】
一般疑問句:Did + 主語+ 動詞(原形)+ 其它【do , does的過去時均為did】?
Idomy homework every day.(用yesterday改寫句子)
Ididmy homework yesterday.
I didn’t do my homework yesterday.(否定句)
Didyoudoyour homework yesterday?Yes ,I did. /No, I didn’t.(一般疑問句)
情態動詞的一般過去時態
含有情態動詞的一般過去時與含有be動詞的一般過去時,是十分相似,請注意觀察。
肯定句式:主語 + 情態動詞 + 其它
否定句式:主語 + 情態動詞 + not + 其它.
一般疑問句:情態動詞 + 主語 + 其它?
注:情態動詞的過去式:can→could , may→might , must→must ,will→would,shall→should。
特殊疑問句式:
特殊疑問詞+be過去式+主語+其他?
特殊疑問詞+情態助動詞過去式+主語+動詞原形+其他?
特殊疑問詞+do/does過去式+主語+動詞原形+其他?
What was your former name? 你以前叫什麼名字?
Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他為什麼遲到?
What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什麼? [1] 
  • 一般過去時 [1] 
一般過去時表示過去某個時間裏發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。基本結構:主語+謂語(was/were)+形容詞/名詞/介詞短語+過去時間;否定形式①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞;一般疑問句Did+主語+do+其他。
一般過去時,表示過去某個時間裏發生的非持續性動作或存在的狀態,也表示經常或反覆發生的動作。用動詞的過去式表示,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday,lastnight,in+過去的年份,two daysago,before,theageof等。
一般過去時也表示過去經常或反覆發生的動作,常和often,always等表示頻率的時間狀語連用。表示過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
  • 中文名
  • 一般過去時
  • 外文名
  • Simple past tense
  • 概念
  • 過去的動作

過去式動詞變化

情況
方法
示例
一般情況
+ed
work—— worked look——looked
以不發音e結尾
+d
live ——lived hope——hoped
輔音字母+y結尾
變y為i+ed
study—— studied carry——carried
以重讀閉音節結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母
雙寫最後的輔音字母+ed
stop—— stopped plan——planned
以ic結尾的動詞
變ic為ick+ed
picnic——picnicked traffic——trafficked
特殊情況
不規則
have---had
are---were
is/am---was
do---did

過去式句法結構

過去式肯定形式

主語+動詞過去式+其他
例句:She often came to help us in those days.

過去式否定形式

主語+didn't +謂語動詞原型+其他
①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞
例句:I didn't know you like coffee.

過去式一般疑問句

①Did+主語+謂語動詞原型+其他? ②Was/Were+主語+表語?
例句:Did I do homework?
用表格整理如下:
肯定式
疑問式
否定式
疑問否定式
I worked
Did I work?
I did not work
Did I not work?
He(She,It) worked
Did he(she,it) work?
He (she,it)did not work
Did he(she,it)not work?
We worked
Did we work?
We did not work
Did we not work?
You worked
Did you work?
You did not work
Did you not work?
They worked
Did they work?
They did not work
Did they not work?

過去式記法

口訣
一般過去時並不難,過去動作、狀態記心間。
動詞要用過去式,時間狀語句末站。
否定句很簡單,didn't 站在動原前,其它部分不要變。
一般疑問句也好變,did放在句子前,主語、動原、其它部分依次站立。
特殊疑問句也簡單,疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。
[1]

過去式用法

(1)一般過去時表示在過去某個特定時間發生,也可以表示過去習慣性、經常性的動作。一般不強調動作的影響,只説明事情。
句式:主語+動詞過去式+賓語+其它
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱莉婭説了幾句話。
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他沒有戒煙的那陣子,抽煙抽得可兇了。
(2) 一般過去時常與表示過去的時間狀語從句連用,如:yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
注意
在談到已死去的人的情況時,多用過去時。
He was dead in 1990.
(3)表示過去連續發生的動作時,要用過去時。這種情況下,往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語,而通過上下文來表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒,看看船長,然後就去世了。
(4) 表示在此之前一段時間內經常或反覆的動作。常與always,never等連用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太過去老是帶着一把傘。
(只是説明她過去的動作,不表明她是否常帶着傘。)
比較
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太總是帶着一把傘。
(説明這是她的習慣,表明她仍然還習慣總帶着一把傘)
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.
彼得太太總是帶着一把傘。
(表示説話者對這一動作或行為厭煩)
I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。
(不涉及到説明是否喝酒)
(5)如果強調已經終止的習慣時要用 used to do(過去常常做,而不那樣做了)
He used to drink alcohol.
他過去喝酒。
(意味着他不喝酒了。喝酒這個動作終止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.
我過去是在早晨散步。
(意味着不在早晨散步了)
Eddle bought a bicycle three days ago.
Eddle在三天以前買了一輛自行車。
比較:
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾經在早晨散過步。
(只是説明過去這一動作)
(6)有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語,但實際上是指過去發生的動作或存在的狀態的話,也要用過去時,這一點,我們中國學生往往出錯,要特別注意!
I didn''t know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。
(因為在説話時,我已經知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是説話之前,所以只能用過去時表示。實際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以為你病了呢。(這句話應是在説話之前,我以為你病了。但是我知道你沒病)[1]

過去式時間狀語

1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)
2. the day before yesterday
3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century 世紀)
4. ago
5.this morning/afternoon/evening
6.when引導的狀語從句(動詞過去時)
7.just now
8.the other day -- a few days ago.
9. at the age of 10 (過去年齡段)
11. at that time
12. at that moment

過去式一般形態

1. Be 動詞的一般過去時態.
在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞, am is 的過去式為was; are的過去式為were.
構成:肯定句:主語+was (were) +表語
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我遲到了。)
否定句:主語+was (were) +not+表語
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我們昨天沒有遲到)
【注意】:當句中含有系動詞was,were時,可直接在其後加not構成否定句。如:I was on the Internet
when you called me.當你打電話給我時,我在上網。→ :I was not/wasn't on the Internet when you called me .當你打電話給我時,我不在上網。
疑問句:Was (Were) +主語+表語當謂語動詞提前並直接或間接表達注意時態
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was (were) +主語+表語
肯定句要使用動詞的過去式否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和does 的過去式did.
否定句:主語+didn't +動詞原形+賓語
疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形+賓語
3.助動詞和情態動詞過去式如下:
shall―should(將要)用於第一人稱單數
will―would(將要)用於所有人稱
can—could(能,會) may―might(可以) must―must (必須)
have to―had to(不得不)
助動詞和情態動詞的過去時態要使用他們的過去式,後面的動詞還使用原形。
如:I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作業。)[1]

過去式語法講解

一般過去時也叫單純過去時。
例A:Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday.
(史密斯先生昨天買了一輛新車。)
例B:They were here only a few minutes ago.
(幾分鐘前他們還在這裏。)
一般過去時的用法如下:
一般過去時最明顯的現象就是常由表達過去之時間的副詞或副詞短語來修飾它(如各例句的斜體字部分)。這些常用於修飾一般過去時的副詞有:yesterday,yesterday morning (afternoon,evening ),just now (剛才),before (以前), then(at that time ) (當時),last +時間 (如 last week,month,year,Monday,… January,… spring,…,etc. ),that +時間 (如 that day,afternoon,summer,…,etc. ),時間 + ago (如 a few minutes ago,two weeks ago,years ago,… etc.)
“過去”的概念並不是只指如 “yesterday,last week,… ” 等,實際上“與現在對立的過去”,亦即“非現在的以前”,哪怕是“過了説話時間的幾分鐘之前”,只要所要表達的時間與説話時的“現在”形成對立,就必須使用一般過去時來表達。例如:
He was here only a few minutes ago.
(僅僅幾分鐘前他還在這裏。)
I came home just now.
(我剛回到家。)
在A項我們説明了“this + 時間, today,etc.”的時間副詞常用於修飾一般現在時,但是實際上只要是“與説話時的現在”對立,就必須使用一般過去時。例如:
I got up very early this morning.
(今天早晨我起牀很早。)
He was late for school again today.
(今天他又遲到了。)
主 語
肯 定 式
否 定 式
疑 問 式
第一、二人稱和第三人稱複數以及名詞複數
I was a student.
We/You/ They were students.
He/ She was a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.
Many people liked music.
I was not a student.
We/You/ They were not students.
He/ She was not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ didn’t like music.
Many people didn’t like music.
Were you a student.
Were you/ they students
Was he/ she a student
Did you/ they like music
Did many people like music?
(3)一般過去時的用法:
1. 過去發生的動作。例如:
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2. 過去存在的狀態。例如:
They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3. 常用於一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday,three months ago,last year,in 1979,once upon a time(很久以前),long ago,then(那時)等。
例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕鬆!
1. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
解析:幾分鐘前發生的動作, 應該用一般過去時。應選A,
2.---Hi,Tom.
---Hello,Fancy. I ______ you were here.
A.don't know B.won't think C. think D. didn't know
解析:雖然句中沒有明確的時間狀語, 但是可以通過上下文語境判斷出, 我説這話之前不知道,但是現在知道了,表示的動作,要用過去時態。所以選D。
3.He promised to tell me by himself when I ______.
A. come B. would come C. came D. had come
解析:在時間狀語從句中,用一般過去時表示過去將來。應選C。[1]

過去式技巧

一變:肯定句變為否定句
【技巧1】當句中含有情態動詞助動詞could,would,should等時,可直接在其後面加not構成否定句。例如:
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
【技巧2】當句中含有系動詞was,were 時,可直接在其後加not構成否定句。例如:
I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
【技巧3】當句中謂語是除情態動詞助動詞、系動詞was,were以外的動詞時,在該動詞之前加did not / didn't,動詞還原,構成否定句。例如:
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.
二變:陳述句變為一般疑問句
【技巧1】移動詞語的位置。將was,were,could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
【技巧2】添加助動詞did。謂語是除情態動詞、助動詞、系動詞was,were以外的動詞時,在主語之前加did,動詞還原。例如:
Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?
【技巧1】確定疑問詞:人who / whom,物what,地點where,時間when / what time,原因why,頻率how often,長度how long,距離how far等等。例如:
They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
【技巧2】辨認結構形式:疑問詞+情態動詞/助動詞/ was / were / did +主語+...? 例如:
The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen
一些不規則變化:
do>did see>saw make>made take>took eat>ate
read>read put>put get>got hear>heard feel>felt
is/am---was are---were teach---taught catch---caught
buy---bought go---went come---came become---became等[1]

過去式基本介紹

表示過去某個時間裏發生的動作或狀態。一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示,而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規則動詞和不規則動詞。
過去式
⒈過去發生的而已經結束的動作需要用一般過去式來表示
⒉表示過去某個時間裏發生的動作或狀態。
⒊過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
過去時態表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。
【過去時態結構】是指過去時態下的動詞形式的語法構成。
如:work-worked,listen-listened
一般的就是直接加ed,特殊的有一些變化。
A:What did you do last weekend? 你上週末做了什麼
B:I played football.我踢了足球。
A:Did you read books?你看了書嗎?
B:Yes,I did.是的,我看了。
A:What did you do last week?你上個星期做了什麼?
B:I studied English.我學習了英語。
A:Did you read books?你看了書嗎?
B:Yes,I did.是的,我看了。
表示一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示。不規則動詞的過去式變化規律性不強,須多加記憶。
am,is—was(是),
are—were(是),
read—read(讀),
go—went(走),
buy—bought(買),
sell—sold(賣),
come—came(來),
take—took(拿),
have (has)—had(有),
begin—began(開始),
bring—brought(拿來),
can—could(能),
cut—cut(砍,割),
do/does—did(做,幹),
draw—drew(畫畫,拉),
drink—drank(喝),
drive—drove(駕駛),
eat—ate(吃),
fall—fell(跌倒,落下),
feel—felt(感覺),
fly—flew(飛),
get—got(獲得),
give—gave(給),
grow—grew(生長),
keep—kept(保持),
know—knew(知道,認識),
learn—learnt(學習),
leave—left(離開),
let—let(讓),
lie—lay(躺,平放),
make—made(使得,做),
may—might(可以),
must—must(必須),
ride—rode(騎),
ring—rang(鳴鈴),
run—ran(跑),
say—said( 説),
see—saw(看見),
sell—sold(賣),
send—sent(送),
set—set(放),
sing—sang(唱歌),
sit—sat(坐),
sleep—slept(睡覺),
speak—spoke(説話),
spend—spent(花費),
stand—stood(站立),
swim—swam(游泳),
teach—taught(教),
tell—told(告訴),
think—thought(認為),
throw—threw(投擲),
understand—understood(懂得),
wear—wore(穿),
will—would(將要),
win—won(獲勝),
bend—bent(彎曲),
blow—blew(吹) [1] 
而不規則動詞的過去式的發音則略有不同,但是有些還是按照一定規律變化的。如以上的:make—made,get—got ,buy—bought ,come—came ,fly—flew ,bring—brought,teach—taught,think—thought,say—said,sit—sat,read—ead,spend—spent,give—gave,tell—told,write—wrote,feel—felt,find—found,hear—heard,know—knew,put—put,grow—grew,take—took,catch—caught,become—became,swim—swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew。
仔細看一看,能發現它們的一些變化規律,也就是説不需要死記硬背這些過去式,知道了原型和變化規律,就可以寫出來了。有的變化部分讀音也是有規律的。分類記憶是對學習過去式很有幫助的!
一般過去時的用法
一.概念:一般過去時是表示在過去的時間裏發生的動作或狀態,通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。
二.時間狀語:yesterday,the day before yesterday,two days ago,long long ago,a minute ago,last year(week,month),just now,at that time,in those days.
三.過去時的用法:
1.有確定的過去時間狀語時要用過去式。
例:We had a good time last week.
2.表示過去連續發生的動作時,要用過去式。
例:The boy closed the door,turned off the window,and then went to bed.
⒊ 表示過去一段時間內經常或反覆的動作,要用過去式。
例:She often came to help me at that time.
四.一般過去式的構成形式:
⑴肯定句:主語+ be動詞的過去式(was,were)
例:He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years ago.They were my students long long ago.
否定句:主語+ be動詞的過去式(was,were)+ not
例:He was not ill yesterday.She was not nine two years ago.They were not my students long long ago.
一般疑問句:直接把be動詞提到句首。
例:Was he ill yesterday?
肯定回答:Yes,he was.
否定回答:No,he wasn't.Was she nine two years ago? Yes,she was. / No,she wasn't.Were they your students long long ago? Yes,they were. / No,they weren't.
實意動詞的過去式:⑴肯定句:主語+動詞的過去式
例:He played football last week.She watched TV last night.
⑵否定句:主語+ did not +動詞原形
例:He did not play football last week.She didn’t watch TV last night.
一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形 例:Did he play football last week?
回答:Yes,he did./ No,he didn't.
Did she watch TV last night?
回答:Yes,she did. / No,she didn’t.
五.動詞變過去式的幾種常用規則:1.一般詞動直接+ ed;
例:look--looked want--wanted listen --listened
2.以e結尾的詞直接+ d;例:live--lived phone--phoned
3.以輔音字母加y結尾,變y為i加ed;例:try--tried study--studied
4.重讀閉音節結尾的,詞尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫詞尾輔音字母+ ed;例:stop--stopped plan--planned
⒌不規則動詞: 動詞由原形轉變為過去式時不按詞尾加“-ed”之變化規則者叫做不規則動詞。小學常見的動詞不規則過去式如:是be/is/am- was,是are- were,來come-came,去go- went,有have- had,做/幹do- did,做make- made 讀read- read,放put- put,切割cut- cut,寫write- wrote,帶走take- took,買buy- bought,帶來bring- brought,想think- thought,看見see- saw,説say- said,説話speak- spoke,打破break- broke,得到get- got,跑run- ran,告訴tell- told,唱sing- sang,喝drink- drank,吃eat- ate,游泳swim- swam,開始begin- began,偷steal- stole,遇見meet- met,賣sell- sold,坐sit- sat,跑run-ran,讀read-read,想要want-want,知道know-known,fall-fell等等。
I worked in that factory last year. 我在那一家工廠工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我們去了天龍山。I stayed at home,yesterday.昨天,我整日呆在家裏.
一般過去時態:表示過去某一時間所發生的動作或存在的狀態。謂語動詞要用一般過去式。
時間標誌:yesterday(昨天),last weekend(上週),last month(上個月),last year,two months ago(兩個月前),the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年),in those days (在那些日子裏)等表示過去的時間狀語。
I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年。)
When did you go to the park? (你是什麼時候去的公園?)
I went to the park last weekend. (我是上週去的公園。)
在上面的句子中第一句屬於be動詞的一般過去時態;
第二句和第三句屬於實義動詞go的一般過去時態。
肯定句:主語+was (were) +表語
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我遲到了。)
否定句主語+was (were) +not+表語
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我們昨天沒遲到。)
疑問句:Was (Were) +主語+表語
如:Was you sick yesterday? (你昨天病了嗎?)
肯定回答:Yes,I was. (是的,我病了。)
否定回答:No,I wasn't. (不,我沒病。)
特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+was (were) +主語+表語
如:When were you born? 你是什麼時候出生的?
規則動詞詞尾加-ed有三種讀音:
1. 在清輔音後讀作[t]。如:asked,helped,watched,stopped。
2. 在濁輔音和元音後讀作[d]。如:enjoyed,studied,moved,called。
3.在t / d後讀作[id]。如:wanted,needed 清音t元濁d td後面讀(一的)。
不規則動詞的過去式大體上歸納有以下六條記憶法
1. 以t結尾的詞,過去式與原形相同。如:put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat。
2. 以d結尾的詞,把d變成t。如:build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent。
3. 以n結尾的詞,在詞後加t。如:mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt。
4.以ow 、aw結尾的詞,把ow / aw變成ew。如:blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew。
5.含有雙寫字母的詞,將雙寫改為單寫,在詞尾加t。如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt。
6.含有元音字母o / i的詞,將o / i變成a。如:sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank。
但也有例外,如get的過去式是got,與第一條不符,僅僅是大多數動詞符合。
附表
單詞列表:
原形
過去式
過去分詞
is/am/are
was/were
been
begin
began
begun
break
broke
broken
buy
bought
bought
catch
caught
caught
come
came
come
cut
cut
cut
do
did
done
draw
drew
drawn
drink
drank
drunk
drive
drove
driven
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feel
felt
felt
fight
fought
fought
find
found
found
fly
flew
flown
get
got
got
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
grow
grew
grown
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
hit
hit
hit
hurt
hurt
hurt
know
knew
known
leave
left
left
lose
lost
lost
make
made
made
meet
met
met
put
put
put
read
read
read
ride
rode
ridden
ring
rang
rung
rise
rose
risen
run
ran
run
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
set
set
set
shut
shut
shut
sing
sang
sung
sit
sat
sat
sleep
slept
slept
speak
spoke
spoken
spend
spent
spent
stand
stood
stood
swim
swam
swum
sweep
swept
swept
take
took
taken
teach
taught
taught
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
throw
threw
thrown
understand
understood
understood
wear
wore
worn
write
wrote
written
參考資料