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讓步狀語從句

鎖定
讓步狀語從句,屬於狀語從句中的一種。一般翻譯為“儘管……”或“即使……”等,就是我們日常生活中用的“退一步説…”的感覺。
中文名
讓步狀語從句
外文名
Adverbial Clause of Concession
本    質
狀語從句
應用範圍
英語

讓步狀語從句連詞

狀語從句 狀語從句
引導讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些:
though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑問詞,疑問詞+ever,regardless of+名詞/名詞短語/名詞從句,despite,in spite of。
切記although,though 不可與but連用,但可以與still和yet連用。

讓步狀語從句用法

⑴though, although
表示“雖然,縱然”之意
這兩個連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都可與yet,still或nevertheless連用,但不能與but連用。例如:
My will remains firm though I must lower my physical sights.  儘管我得降低體育(鍛鍊)的目標,但我的意志是堅強的。
Though I believe it, I must consider.  儘管我相信這一點,但我還得考慮考慮。
Although/Though he was exhausted, he(still) kept on working.  雖然他已經精疲力竭了,但他仍然繼續工作。
Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.  他雖然年紀大了,身體還很健壯。
值得注意的是,although引導的讓步狀語從句位於主句之前的情況較多,though引導的讓步狀語從句可位於主句之前或主句之後。例如:
She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.  她雖然不用功學習,考試卻及格了。
⑵as(though)
表示“雖然…但是”,“縱使…”之意
as引導的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現,被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形,though也可用於這樣的結構中,但although不可以這樣用。例如:
Object as/though you may, I’ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I’ll go.)  縱使你反對,我也要去。
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. =(Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)  儘管他學習很努力,但幾乎沒取得什麼進步。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.)  雖然他是一個孩子,但他知道該做什麼。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon.  縱然你讀得快,你也不能這麼快讀完這本書。
Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.  儘管我愛城市,但我知道,以往的鄉村生活使我受益匪淺。
Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units.  儘管原子很小,但它們由更小的單位構成。
(3) whether
由這一個複合連詞引導的讓步狀語從句旨在説明正反兩方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結果,所以它的語氣是比較強烈的,從而也更加堅定了主句的內容。例如:
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.  不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個典禮。
Whether you believe it or not, it's true.  無論你是否相信,這都是真的。
Whether or not they win this battle, they won't win the war.  不管他們是否能贏得這次戰役,他們絕不會贏得這場戰爭。 [1] 
﹙4﹚“no matter+疑問詞=疑問詞-ever
含義為“……都……;不管……都……”
它們引導的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)  無論發生了什麼事情,他都不會介意的。
No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.)  不管你是誰,你都需要遵紀守法。
When anyone does something for you, no matter how small and no matter whether he's a superior or servant, it's proper to say“Thank you”.  只要任何人替你做了一件事,不管事情多麼微不足道,也不管他是你的上司還是你的僕人,你都應該説聲“謝謝”。
但“no matter+疑問詞”結構只能引導讓步狀語從句,而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導名詞性從句。例如:
Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. (Whatever 引導讓步狀語句)無論你説什麼,我都不會相信你。
I'll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導賓語從句)  你給我吃什麼,我就吃什麼。
Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導主語從句)  不管誰來都受到歡迎。
此外,有時while也可以引導讓步狀語從句,但一般要位於句首。例如:
While I like the colour, I don't like the shape.  我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。
綜上所述,我們可以看出,學習讓步狀語從句的關鍵是關聯詞的選用;其次,要注意的是由as引導的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序
(5)whether...or...
表示“不論是否……”,“不管是……還是……”之意。
But whether it's a friendly rivalry or a fight to the death,the end result is the same.  但不管是友好競爭還是生死決鬥,結果總是相同。
(6)even if/even though
都表示即使,但用法不同
even if一般指帶有一些假設含義的讓步,即所讓步內容不一定是客觀事實。而even though的讓步內容更偏向於對事實的讓步。因此,even if並不等於even though。
Even if I didn't happen to meet you that day,I would still try my best to find you.即使我那天沒有碰巧遇到你,我也會盡我所能去找到你。
Even though I pass the exam this time,I have to worry about the next exam which perhaps I will fail.即使我這次考試及格了,我也不得不去擔心下一次也許我會考不及格的考試。

讓步狀語從句總論與注意事項

讓步狀語從句表示:雖然,儘管,即使等概念,由although, though(儘管,即使),however(無論怎樣),whatever(無論什麼),whoever(無論誰),whomever(無論誰),whichever(無論哪個),whenever(無論何時),wherever(無論哪裏),whether(是否),no matter (who,what,where,when,etc) (無論……),even if(即使),even though(即使)等疑問詞+ ever類詞引導。
如:We won’t be discouraged even if (=even though) we fail ten times.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。
It was an exciting game, though/although no goals were scored.那是一場精彩的球賽,儘管一個球都沒進。(though, although不能與but連用)
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.  不管你信不信,這是真的。
However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.  無論它有多貴,我也要買下它。
Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.  不管他們是誰,別讓他們進來。
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.  無論我説什麼或怎麼説,他總認為是我錯。
even if 與even though 的區別:
1.even if 與even though 的區別兩者均可用於引導讓步狀語從句,其細微區別是:
1. even if 引導的從句是往往是假設性的,相當於漢語的“即使”“縱然”“就算”“哪怕”。如:
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.  即使你不成功,他們也會支持你。
Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there.  即使我得一路走着去,我也要走到那裏。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan.  即使明天下雨,我們也決不改變計劃。
For my part, I plan to go to the party even if you decide not to go.  至於我,即使你決定不去參加晚會我也會去的。
Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it.  就算你看見是他拾起的錢,你也不能肯定錢就是他偷的。
正因為even if從句的內容通常是假設性的,所以有時還可用於虛擬語氣;這樣用的even if 與單獨使用的if比較接近。如:
Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it.  他即使有錢也不會買它。
I would have married her even if she had been penniless.  即使她身無分文,我也會和她結婚。
2.even though 引導的從句內容往往是真實的,主要用於引出不利於主句情況的信息,相當於漢語的“儘管”“雖然”。如:
He went out even though it was raining.  儘管在下雨,他還是出去了。
Even though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.  雖然工作艱苦,我還是很喜歡。
He’s the best teacher even though he has the least experience.  他儘管經驗最少,但教得最好。
Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a nice time.  儘管這次聚會上我誰也不認識,我也玩得挺痛快。
這樣用的even though與though或although的意思比較接近,許多時候可以互換(注意:英語可以説though和even though,但不能説even although)。如:
Even though [Though, Although] I felt sorry for him, l was secretly pleased tha t he was having difficulties.  雖然我為他感到惋惜,但對他的困難卻暗自高興。
Even though [Though, Although] we all tried our best, we lost the game.  雖然我們已盡了最大的力量,但還是輸了。
3.不過,在實際語言運用中,even if與even though有時也可不加區別地混用。如:
Even if [Even though] she laughs at him, he likes her.  儘管她嘲笑他,他還是很喜歡她。
We thoroughly understand each other, even if [even though] we don’t always agree.  我們彼此非常瞭解,雖然有時候也有一些分歧。
4.no matter
what(who,which,when,etc.)與whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc.)的區別:
當引導引導讓步狀語從句時,兩者相同,可以互換(what=the thing, whatever = anyting),但當引導名詞性從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句)時則只能用whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc)。如上面最後兩個例句可改為:
However pure the water looks, I do not want to drink it.
I want to marry the man I love, no matter who he may be.
下面句子不能用no matter結構(no matter不能引導名詞性從句):
Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize.(主語從句)
I am ready to do whatever you want me to .(賓語從句)
例證:
Whatever you did,I will accept.為讓步狀語從句.
I will accept whatever you did.為賓語從句.
5.as 引導讓步狀語從句的用法
引導讓步狀語從句時,as意為“雖然,儘管”,通常從句要倒裝,倒裝的方法是將從句的表語或狀語放在as之前,而用though引導讓步狀語從句時句字則不必倒裝(口語中也可倒裝)。
e.g. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.
Young as he is, he knows a lot = Though he is young 或 Young though he is,he….
他雖然年輕,但懂得很多。(though 也有這種用法,可以替換as,但although沒有這種用法)
注意,名詞提句首時,不加冠詞
e.g:teacher as he is, he likes Chinese very much(teacher 前不加a或the)。
though還可以用作副詞,放在句末。如:
It was a hard job, I enjoyed it, though = It was a hard job, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦,但是我喜歡幹。
6.用though/although, as 引導讓步狀語從句時,句中不能用but表示轉折語氣。
  • 不能説:Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.
  • 而要説:Though he looks weak, he is healthy.
  • 或者説:He looks weak, but he is healthy.
我自己認為讓步就是存在一定條件下的説法.
though和although引導讓步狀語從句時,不可以與but連用(因為but是並列句的連詞,一個連詞連接兩句句子,不能用兩個連詞連接兩句句子)。漢語中用“雖然……但是……”,但英語中只用though,although或but即可。
  • Although/though he is very old, he still works very hard. =(He is very old, he still works very hard)雖然他老了,但他仍然很努力地工作。
  • 不可説:Although/though he is very old, but he still works very hard。
though和although可以與yet連用。此處yet雖與but同義,但它不是連詞,而是副詞。
Though l knew the fact,yet l didn’t say anything。  儘管我知道,但我什麼都沒説。
7.however 表示“然而”用作副詞,不可連接句子。但可置於第二句的句首、句末或句中。要特別注意標點的使用。
eg: Alice is a good student.However, she has one shortcoming.愛麗絲是一個很好的學生,但她仍有缺點。
He has not arrived. He may, however, come later.
The composition is all right.There is room for improvement, however.
8.除以上提到的從句連詞外,表示讓步的介詞短語despite,in spite of,後接名詞。【此時,整句話不是讓步狀語從句】
eg. Despite all these facts, we cannot ignore the advantages of learning through internet.儘管有這些事實,我們也不能忽略了通過互聯網學習的優點。
參考資料
  • 1.    孟憲珍.無敵英語語法:外文社,2006