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蝴蝶魚科
鎖定
- 中文名
- 蝴蝶魚科
- 外文名
- Butterflyfishes
- 拉丁學名
- Chaetodontidae
- 界
- 動物界
- 門
- 脊索動物門
蝴蝶魚科地理分佈
廣泛分佈於世界各温帶到熱帶的海域,但絕大多數生活於印度-西太平洋區,尤其是珊瑚礁海域。
[1]
太平洋地區:其中有4屬19種蝴蝶魚分佈於西太平洋;3屬6種分佈於東太平洋;1屬2種分佈於中東太平洋;1屬1種分佈於中西太平洋;2屬2種分佈於西北太平洋;2屬2種分佈於西南太平洋;3屬3種分佈於東南太平洋;4屬13種分佈於其他太平洋地區。
[3]
其他地區:5屬28種分佈於印度-太平洋區;4屬6種分佈於印度-西太平洋區。
[3]
蝴蝶魚科生存習性
蝴蝶魚大部分都生活在20公尺以內的淺水水域,是很典型的日行性魚類,白天出來找東西吃、交配,晚上才躲在礁洞裏面休息。覓食時,或羣遊,或成對,或獨遊。食性變異大,有的從礁岩表面啄食躲藏在縫隙裏的小型無脊椎動物及藻類,有的在水層中撿食浮游動物,有的只吃活珊瑚的水螅蟲等。行動迅速,稍受驚動即躲入珊瑚礁或岩石縫中。它們生活史中需要經過一段長時間的漂流期,而使得人工繁殖不易成功。
[1]
蝴蝶魚科形態特徵
體呈菱形或近於橢圓形,且十分側扁。口小,端位,略可伸縮;頜齒細長,在上下頜形成刷毛狀之狹長齒帶。前鰓蓋骨平滑,但幼魚可能具有鋸齒或被有突棘。體被中或小型之弱櫛鱗或圓鱗。側線完整,呈弧形,但不明顯。幼魚的頭部,因長有骨質板,而被稱之“蝶魚仔魚”。背鰭連續,硬棘部和軟條部間有淺缺刻;腹鰭胸位,具腋鱗;尾鰭一般截形或圓形。
[1]
體色會隨成長而有所變化,而其中之共同點為:小魚在背鰭或身體後方通常長有一偽裝用的眼斑,隨着成長而消失,其目的是用來矇騙掠食者,使其誤把尾部當做頭部攻擊,而爭取逃走的機會;其次為大部份蝴蝶魚具一條黑色縱帶貫通眼睛,這也是欺敵的一種視覺效果。
[1]
蝴蝶魚科棲息環境
蝴蝶魚是生活在熱帶到暖温帶水域的海洋魚類家族。它們有些出現在微鹹河口或封閉港灣,通常沿着岩礁陡坡活動,最常見於淺水(不到20米)珊瑚礁附近,也有一些在200米以下的深水棲居。它們出沒於海草棲息地、深泥灘或淺水瀉湖周圍。許多蝴蝶魚的幼魚活動區域相比成魚有差異,如潮汐湖、巨礫珊瑚礁以及沒有珊瑚的淺水。一些研究人員提出設想:蝴蝶魚最初可能是浮游物種、非珊瑚礁魚類,後來才擴散到兩個或多個互相隔離的珊瑚礁海域。
[6]
蝴蝶魚科生長髮育
蝴蝶魚科魚類(圖冊二)(22張)
蝴蝶魚科繁育狀況
蝴蝶魚在求偶和交配的時候,通常是一對一。先由體型較大的雄魚引誘雌魚離開海底,然後雄魚用頭及吻去碰觸雌魚的腹部,再一起遊向海面,同時排精排卵,接著再竄回海底,卵在受精以後,大概一天半就可以孵化,但通常要經歷一兩個月的仔魚漂浮期,才會再度回到珊瑚礁區居住。
蝴蝶魚科生物分類
屬名 | 種名 | 拉丁名 | 英文名 |
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雙蝶魚屬 | Amphichaetodon | ||
寬帶雙鰈魚 | Amphichaetodon howensis | Lord Howe Island butterflyfish | |
窄帶雙蝶魚 | Amphichaetodon melbae | Narrow-barred butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon | |||
Chaetodon adiergastos | Philippine butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon andamanensis | |||
Chaetodon argentatus | Asian butterflyfish | ||
點列蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon assarius | West Australian butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon aureofasciatus | Golden butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon auriga | Threadfin butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon auripes | Oriental butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon austriacus | Blacktail butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon baronessa | Eastern triangular butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon bennetti | Bluelashed butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon blackburnii | Brownburnie | ||
Chaetodon burgessi | Burgess' butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon capistratus | Foureye butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon citrinellus | Speckled butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon collare | Redtail butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon daedalma | Wrought iron butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon declivis | Marquesas butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon decussatus | Indian vagabond butterflyfish | ||
阿曼蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon dialeucos | Oman butterflyfish | |
黑緣蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon dolosus | African butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon ephippium | Saddle butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon falcula | Blackwedged butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon fasciatus | Diagonal butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon flavirostris | Black butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon flavocoronatus | Yellow-crowned butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon fremblii | Bluestriped butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon gardineri | Gardner's butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon guentheri | Crochet butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon guttatissimus | Peppered butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon hoefleri | Four-banded butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon humeralis | Threebanded butterflyfish | ||
點斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon interruptus | Yellow teardrop butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon kleinii | Sunburst butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon larvatus | Hooded butterflyfish | ||
白肋蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon leucopleura | Somali butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon lineolatus | Lined butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon litus | Easter Island butterflyfish] | ||
Chaetodon lunula | Raccoon butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon lunulatus | Oval butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon madagascariensis | Seychelles butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon marleyi | Doublesash butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon melannotus | Blackback butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon melapterus | Arabian butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon mertensii | Atoll butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon mesoleucos | White-face butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon meyeri | Scrawled butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon miliaris | Millet butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon mitratus | Indian butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon multicinctus | Pebbled butterflyfish | ||
黑斑蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon nigropunctatus | Black-spotted butterflyfish | |
日本蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon nippon | Japanese butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon ocellatus | Spotfin butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon ocellicaudus | Spot-tail butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon octofasciatus | Eightband butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon ornatissimus | Ornate butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon oxycephalus | Spot-nape butterflyfish | ||
稀帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon paucifasciatus | Eritrean butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon pelewensis | Sunset butterflyfish | ||
馬掌蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon pictus | Horseshoe butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon plebeius | Blueblotch butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon punctatofasciatus | Spotband butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon quadrimaculatus | Fourspot butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon rafflesii | Latticed butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon rainfordi | Rainford's butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon reticulatus | Mailed butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon robustus | Three-banded butterflyfish | ||
聖赫拿蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon sanctaehelenae | Saint Helena butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon sedentarius | Reef butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon selene | Yellow-dotted butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon semeion | Dotted butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon semilarvatus | Bluecheek butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon smithi | Smith's butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon speculum | Mirror butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon striatus | Banded butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon tinkeri | Hawaiian butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon triangulum | Triangle butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon trichrous | Tahiti butterflyfish | ||
波帶蝴蝶魚 | Chaetodon tricinctus | Three-striped butterflyfish | |
Chaetodon trifascialis | Chevron butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon trifasciatus | Melon butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon ulietensis | Pacific double-saddle butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon unimaculatus | Teardrop butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon vagabundus | Vagabond butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon wiebeli | Hongkong butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon xanthocephalus | Yellowhead butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon xanthurus | Pearlscale butterflyfish | ||
Chaetodon zanzibarensis | Zanzibar butterflyfish | ||
鑽嘴魚屬 | Chelmon | ||
Chelmon marginalis | Margined coralfish | ||
黑鰭鑽嘴魚 | Chelmon muelleri | Blackfin coralfish | |
鑽嘴魚 | Chelmon rostratus | Copperband butterflyfish | |
鑷蝶魚屬 | Chelmonops | ||
Chelmonops curiosus | Western talma | ||
Chelmonops truncatus | Truncate coralfish |
屬名 | 種名 | 拉丁名 | 英文名 |
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少女魚屬 | Coradion | ||
Coradion altivelis | Highfin coralfish | ||
Coradion chrysozonus | Goldengirdled coralfish | ||
雙點少女魚 | Coradion melanopus | Twospot coralfish | |
鑷口魚屬 | Forcipiger | ||
Forcipiger flavissimus | Yellow Longnose Butterflyfish | ||
Forcipiger longirostris | Big Longnose Butterflyfish | ||
霞蝶魚屬 | Hemitaurichthys | ||
Hemitaurichthys multispinosus | Many-spined butterflyfish | ||
Hemitaurichthys polylepis | Pyramid butterflyfish | ||
湯氏霞蝶魚 | Hemitaurichthys thompsoni | Thompson's butterflyfish | |
Hemitaurichthys zoster | Brown-and-white butterflyfish | ||
馬伕魚屬 | Heniochus | ||
Heniochus acuminatus | Pennant coralfish | ||
Heniochus chrysostomus | Threeband pennantfish | ||
Heniochus diphreutes | False moorish idol | ||
Heniochus intermedius | Red Sea bannerfish | ||
Heniochus monoceros | Masked bannerfish] | ||
Heniochus pleurotaenia | Phantom bannerfish | ||
Heniochus singularius | Singular bannerfish | ||
Heniochus varius | Horned bannerfish | ||
約翰蘭德蝴蝶魚屬 | Johnrandallia | ||
Johnrandallia nigrirostris | Blacknosed butterflyfish | ||
副蝴蝶魚屬 | Parachaetodon | ||
Parachaetodon ocellatus | Sixspine butterflyfish | ||
前頜蝴蝶魚屬 | Prognathodes | ||
Prognathodes aculeatus | Longsnout butterflyfish | ||
沙洲前頜蝴蝶魚 | Prognathodes aya | Bank butterflyfish | |
巴西前頷蝴蝶魚 | Prognathodes brasiliensis | ||
卡氏前頜蝴蝶魚 | Prognathodes carlhubbsi | ||
雙色前頜蝴蝶魚 | Prognathodes dichrous | Bicolor butterflyfish | |
Prognathodes guyanensis | French butterflyfish | ||
深水蝴蝶魚 | Prognathodes guyotensis | ||
鐮形前頜蝴蝶魚 | Prognathodes falcifer | Scythemarked butterflyfish | |
格氏前頜蝴蝶魚 | Prognathodes guezei | Gueze's butterflyfish | |
海棲前頜蝴蝶魚 | Prognathodes marcellae | ||
Prognathodes obliquus | Oblique butterflyfish | ||
前齒蝴蝶魚屬 | Roa | ||
澳大利亞蝴蝶魚 | Roa australis | Triple-banded butterflyfish | |
Roa excelsa | Hawaiian gold-barred butterflyfish | ||
印度蝴蝶魚 | Roa jayakari | Indian golden-barred butterflyfish | |
Roa modesta | Brown-banded butterflyfish |
蝴蝶魚科保護級別
- 參考資料
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- 1. 蝴蝶魚科 .中國海釣網[引用日期2012-11-17]
- 2. BOLDS: Map of specimen collection locations for Chaetodontidae .EOL[引用日期2012-11-17]
- 3. 128 Species of Family Chaetodontidae (Butterflyfishes) .FishBase[引用日期2012-11-17]
- 4. Family Chaetodontidae - Butterflyfishes .FishBase[引用日期2012-11-17]
- 5. 蝴蝶魚科魚類圖冊圖片來源 .flickriver[引用日期2012-11-23]
- 6. Habitat .Animal Diversity Web. ADW[引用日期2012-11-23]
- 7. 閒登九峯樓根據《世界自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄》 整理