-
茅膏菜屬
鎖定
茅膏菜屬,學名:Drosera Linn,為石竹目、茅膏菜科下級分類。
多年生陸生草本,根莖短;葉互生或基生而密集成蓮座狀,被腺毛;聚傘花序單一或分叉,頂生或腋生,萼片5,稀4-8,基部多少食生,宿存;花瓣5,分離,花後扭轉凋存;雄蕊與花瓣同數,互生;子房上位,1室,側膜胎座3-5,胚珠多數,稀少數;果為一蒴果,室背開裂為3-5果爿。
茅膏菜屬形態特徵
草本,通常多年生;根狀莖短,具不定根,常具有根功能的退化葉,末端具或不具鱗莖狀球莖。葉互生或基生而蓮座狀密集,被頭狀粘腺毛,幼葉常拳卷;托葉膜質,常條裂。
聚傘花序頂生或腋生,幼時彎卷;花萼5裂,稀4-8裂,基部多少合生,宿存;花瓣5,分離,花時開展,花後聚集扭轉,宿存於頂部;雄蕊與花瓣同數,互生;子房上位,1室,側膜胎座2-5,胚珠多數,稀少數;花柱3-5,稀2-6,呈各式分裂或不裂,宿存。
茅膏菜屬生長環境
茅膏菜屬分佈範圍
茅膏菜屬亞洲
中國(雲南、四川、廣東、福建、江西、浙江、廣西、海南、西藏、貴州、江蘇、湖南、吉林、台灣、安徽、河南、湖北、黑龍江、山東、內蒙古、香港、澳門)
[3]
、孟加拉、印度、印度尼西亞、馬來西亞、文萊、柬埔寨、格魯吉亞、日本、朝鮮、老撾、黎巴嫩、敍利亞、蒙古、緬甸、尼泊爾、菲律賓、斯里蘭卡、泰國、土耳其、越南
[5]
茅膏菜屬歐洲
俄羅斯、奧地利、白俄羅斯、比利時、保加利亞、捷克、斯洛伐克、丹麥、芬蘭、法國、德國、英國、希臘、匈牙利、冰島、愛爾蘭、意大利、荷蘭、挪威、波蘭、葡萄牙、羅馬尼亞、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、烏克蘭、南斯拉夫
[5]
茅膏菜屬非洲
南非、中非、安哥拉、貝寧、博茨瓦納、布基納法索、布隆迪、喀麥隆、乍得、剛果、埃塞俄比亞、加蓬、岡比亞、加納、幾內亞、幾內亞比紹、科特迪瓦、肯尼亞、萊索托、利比里亞、馬達加斯加、馬拉維、馬裏、莫桑比克、納米比亞、尼日爾、尼日利亞、盧旺達、塞內加爾、塞拉利昂、蘇丹、斯威士蘭、坦桑尼亞、多哥、烏干達、贊比亞、津巴布韋
[5]
茅膏菜屬南美洲
茅膏菜屬北美洲
茅膏菜屬大洋洲
茅膏菜屬模式種
多年生草本,莖短。葉基生,密集,具長柄;葉片圓形或扁圓形,長3-9毫米,寬5-12毫米,葉緣具長頭狀粘腺毛,上面腺毛較短,背面常無毛;葉柄扁平,長1-6釐米,具毛或無毛;托葉膜質,長約6毫米,下半部緊貼葉柄,上半部開展,5-7裂,裂片漸尖。螺狀聚傘花序1-2條,腋生,花葶狀,纖細,直立,長8.5-21釐米,不分叉,具花3-8朵,花序梗和花軸被柔毛狀腺毛或近無毛,苞片小,鑽形;花梗長1-3毫米,與萼同被粉狀毛;花萼長約4毫米,下部合生,上部5裂,裂片卵形或狹卵形,邊緣疏具小腺齒;花瓣5,白色,長約5-6毫米,匙形;雄蕊5,長約4-5毫米;子房橢圓球形,長約3毫米,1室,側膜胎座3,胚球多數,花柱3,每個2深裂至基部,棒狀,頂端稍擴大。蒴果,熟後開裂為3果爿;種子多數,橢圓球形,微具網狀脈紋,外面包以囊狀、疏鬆、兩端延伸漸尖的外種皮。花期夏、秋季,果期秋、冬季。
[4]
茅膏菜屬主要價值
茅膏菜的提取物至少包含二種萘醌衍生物,具有強大的解痙作用。
茅膏菜全草的甘油提取液及甲醇提取液注入蛙胸部淋巴囊及大腿肌肉內,10小時以後檢查局部有出血性壞死。
性能:性温,味辛;有小毒。活血散結,止痛。
茅膏菜屬下級物種
茅膏菜屬原生物種
Drosera aberrans (Lowrie & Carlquist) Lowrie & Conran
Drosera albonotata A.S.Rob., A.T.Cross, Meisterl & A.Fleischm.
Drosera amazonica Rivadavia, A.Fleischm. & Vicent.
Drosera andersoniana Fitzg. ex Ewart & Jean White
Drosera androsacea Diels
Drosera aquatica Lowrie
Drosera arachnoides Rakotoar. & A.Fleischm.
Drosera ascendens A.St.-Hil.
Drosera atrata T.Krueger, A.Fleischm. & Bourke
Drosera atrostyla Debbert
Drosera aurantiaca Lowrie
Drosera auriculata Backh. ex Planch.
Drosera australis (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie & Conran
Drosera banksii R.Br. ex DC.
Drosera barrettiorum Lowrie
Drosera basifolia (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
Drosera bequaertii Taton
Drosera bicolor Lowrie & Carlquist
Drosera bindoon Lowrie
Drosera browniana Lowrie & N.G.Marchant
Drosera bulbigena Morrison
Drosera buubugujin M.T.Mathieson
Drosera caduca Lowrie
Drosera calycina Planch.
Drosera camporupestris Rivadavia
Drosera chimaera Gonella & Rivadavia
Drosera citrina Lowrie & Carlquist
Drosera closterostigma N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera coalara Lowrie & Conran
Drosera coccipetala Debbert
Drosera collina (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
Drosera condor Gonella, A.Fleischm. & Rivadavia
Drosera coomallo Lowrie & Conran
Drosera cucullata Lowrie
Drosera depauperata Lowrie & Conran
Drosera dichrosepala Turcz.
Drosera dilatatopetiolaris Kondô
Drosera drummondii Planch.
Drosera echinoblastus N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
長茅膏菜Drosera elongata Exell & J.R.Laundon
Drosera eneabba N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera eremaea (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie & Conran
Drosera ericgreenii A.Fleischm., R.P.Gibson & Rivadavia
紅根茅膏菜Drosera erythrorhiza Lindl.
Drosera esperensis Lowrie
Drosera esterhuyseniae (T.M.Salter) Debbert
Drosera finlaysoniana Wall. ex Arn.
Drosera flexicaulis Welw. ex Oliv.
Drosera fragrans Lowrie
黃褐茅膏菜Drosera fulva Planch.
Drosera geniculata (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
Drosera gibsonii P.Mann
巨大茅膏菜Drosera gigantea Lindl.
光柄茅膏菜Drosera glabripes (Harv. ex Planch.) Stein
Drosera glabriscapa Lowrie
小腺茅膏菜Drosera glanduligera Lehm.
Drosera gracilis Hook.f. ex Planch.
草葉茅膏菜Drosera graminifolia A.St.-Hil.
花崗茅膏菜Drosera graniticola N.G.Marchant
Drosera grantsaui Rivadavia
格拉莫哥茅膏菜Drosera graomogolensis T.R.S.Silva
Drosera grievei Lowrie & N.G.Marchant
Drosera gunniana (Planch.) de Salas
漢密爾頓茅膏菜Drosera hamiltonii C.R.P.Andrews
哈特茅膏菜Drosera hartmeyerorum Schlauer
Drosera helodes N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
異葉茅膏菜Drosera heterophylla Lindl.
種臍茅膏菜Drosera hilaris Cham. & Schltdl.
球根茅膏菜Drosera hirsuta Lowrie & Conran
Drosera hirtella A.St.-Hil.
毛萼茅膏菜Drosera hirticalyx Duno de Stefano & Culham
Drosera hookeri R.P.Gibson, B.J.Conn & Conran
Drosera hortiorum T.Krueger & Bourke
胡氏茅膏菜Drosera huegelii Endl.
亨伯特茅膏菜Drosera humbertii Exell & J.R.Laundon
Drosera humilis Planch.
Drosera hyperostigma N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
長葉茅膏菜Drosera indica L.
Drosera indumenta Lowrie & Conran
長柄茅膏菜Drosera intermedia Hayne
Drosera intricata Planch.
凱特輪茅膏菜Drosera kaieteurensis Brumm.-Ding.
Drosera katangensis Taton
肯尼利茅膏菜Drosera kenneallyi Lowrie
Drosera koikyennuruff T.Krueger & A.S.Rob.
細銀毛茅膏菜Drosera lanata K.Kondo
Drosera lasiantha Lowrie & Carlquist
Drosera latifolia (Eichler) Gonella & Rivadavia
Drosera leioblastus N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera leucoblasta Benth.
Drosera leucostigma (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie & Conran
線葉茅膏菜Drosera linearis Goldie
勞裏茅膏菜Drosera lowriei N.G.Marchant
Drosera lunata Buch.-Ham. ex DC.
Drosera lutescens (A.St.-Hil.) Gonella, Rivadavia & A.Fleischm.
Drosera maanyaa-gooljoo A.Fleischm. & T.Krueger
大花茅膏菜Drosera macrantha Endl.
Drosera macropetala (Diels) T.Krueger & A.Fleischm.
大葉茅膏菜Drosera macrophylla Lindl.
馬達加斯加茅膏菜Drosera madagascariensis DC.
Drosera magna (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
壯麗茅膏菜Drosera magnifica Rivadavia & Gonella
大葉球根茅膏菜Drosera major (Diels) Lowrie
曼尼茅膏菜Drosera mannii Cheek
地錢茅膏菜Drosera marchantii DeBuhr
Drosera margaritacea T.Krueger & A.Fleischm.
曼西茅膏菜Drosera menziesii R.Br. ex DC.
絲莖茅膏菜Drosera meristocaulis Maguire & Wurdack
Drosera micra Lowrie & Conran
Drosera micrantha Lehm.
小葉茅膏菜Drosera microphylla Endl.
Drosera microscapa Debbert
Drosera miniata Diels
Drosera minutiflora Planch.
小茅膏菜Drosera modesta Diels
Drosera monantha (Lowrie & Carlquist) Lowrie
山地茅膏菜Drosera montana A.St.-Hil.
Drosera monticola (Lowrie & N.G.Marchant) Lowrie
穆氏茅膏菜Drosera moorei (Diels) Lowrie
Drosera murfetii Lowrie & Conran
多花茅膏菜Drosera myriantha Planch.
Drosera nana Lowrie
納塔爾茅膏菜Drosera natalensis Diels
尼斯茅膏菜Drosera neesii Lehm.
紐喀裏多尼亞茅膏菜Drosera neocaledonica Raym.-Hamet
巢型茅膏菜Drosera nidiformis Debbert
光亮茅膏菜Drosera nitidula Planch.
Drosera nivea Lowrie & Carlquist
長柱茅膏菜Drosera oblanceolata Y.Z.Ruan
Drosera occidentalis Morrison
奧美莎茅膏菜Drosera omissa Diels
圓形茅膏菜Drosera orbiculata N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
銀匙茅膏菜Drosera ordensis Lowrie
Drosera oreopodion N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
長鱗茅膏菜Drosera paleacea DC.
淺色茅膏菜Drosera pallida Lindl.
孔雀茅膏菜Drosera paradoxa Lowrie
金碟茅膏菜Drosera patens Lowrie & Conran
少花茅膏菜Drosera pauciflora Banks ex DC.
Drosera pedicellaris Lowrie
茅膏菜Drosera peltata Thunb.
秘魯茅膏菜Drosera peruensis T.R.S.Silva & M.D.Correa
黃孔雀茅膏菜Drosera petiolaris R.Br. ex DC.
多毛茅膏菜Drosera pilosa Exell & J.R.Laundon
Drosera planchonii Hook.f. ex Planch.
寬腳茅膏菜Drosera platypoda Turcz.
平柱茅膏菜Drosera platystigma Lehm.
Drosera porrecta Lehm.
Drosera praefolia Tepper
愛心茅膏菜Drosera prolifera C.T.White
Drosera prophylla (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
Drosera prostrata (N.G.Marchant & Lowrie) Lowrie
Drosera prostratoscaposa Lowrie & Carlquist
美麗茅膏菜Drosera pulchella Lehm.
Drosera purpurascens Schlotth.
Drosera pycnoblasta Diels
侏儒茅膏菜Drosera pygmaea DC.
Drosera quartzicola Rivadavia & Gonella
Drosera radicans N.G.Marchant
叉枝茅膏菜Drosera ramellosa Lehm.
Drosera ramentacea Burch. ex DC.
Drosera rechingeri Strid
Drosera reflexa Bourke & A.S.Rob.
王茅膏菜Drosera regia Stephens
Drosera riparia Gonella & Rivadavia
羅雷茅膏菜Drosera roraimae (Klotzsch ex Diels) Maguire & J.R.Laundon
Drosera roseana N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
蓮座茅膏菜Drosera rosulata Lehm.
圓葉茅膏菜Drosera rotundifolia L.
Drosera rubricalyx T.Krueger & A.Fleischm.
Drosera rubrifolia Debbert
Drosera rupicola (N.G.Marchant) Lowrie
鹽生茅膏菜Drosera salina N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera sargentii Lowrie & N.G.Marchant
叉蕊茅膏菜Drosera schizandra Diels
Drosera schmutzii Lowrie & Conran
Drosera schwackei (Diels) Rivadavia
蠍子茅膏菜Drosera scorpioides Planch.
Drosera serpens Planch.
南美寬葉茅膏菜Drosera sessilifolia A.St.-Hil.
Drosera sewelliae Diels
林生茅膏菜Drosera silvicola Lowrie & Carlquist
斯氏茅膏菜Drosera slackii Cheek
Drosera solaris A.Fleischm., Wistuba & S.McPherson
匙葉茅膏菜Drosera spatulata Labill.
Drosera spilos N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera spiralis A.St.-Hil.
Drosera spirocalyx Rivadavia & Gonella
Drosera squamosa Benth.
星花茅膏菜Drosera stelliflora Lowrie & Carlquist
Drosera stenopetala Hook.f.
Drosera stipularis Baleeiro, R.W.Jobson & R.L.Barrett
匍莖茅膏菜Drosera stolonifera Endl.
縮莖茅膏菜Drosera stricticaulis (Diels) O.H.Sarg.
剛毛茅膏菜Drosera subhirtella Planch.
Drosera subtilis N.G.Marchant
硫磺茅膏菜Drosera sulphurea Lehm.
Drosera tentaculata Rivadavia
Drosera thysanosepala Diels
Drosera tokaiensis (Komiya & Shibata) T.Nakam. & K.Ueda
Drosera tomentosa A.St.-Hil.
Drosera tracyi Macfarl.
Drosera trichocaulis (Diels) Lowrie & Conran
三脈茅膏菜Drosera trinervia Spreng.
管柱茅膏菜Drosera tubaestylis N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
Drosera ultramafica A.Fleischm., A.S.Rob. & S.McPherson
單花茅膏菜Drosera uniflora Willd.
Drosera venusta Debbert
Drosera verrucata Lowrie & Conran
Drosera villosa A.St.-Hil.
Drosera viridis Rivadavia
Drosera walyunga N.G.Marchant & Lowrie
懷特茅膏菜Drosera whittakeri Planch.
Drosera xerophila A.Fleischm.
Drosera yilgarnensis R.P.Gibson & B.J.Conn
Drosera yutajensis Duno de Stefano & Culham
Drosera zeyheri T.M.Salter
Drosera zigzagia Lowrie
茅膏菜屬自然雜交種
Drosera × badgerupii Cheek
Drosera × badgingarra Lowrie & Conran
Drosera × bockowskii Scholl
Drosera × californica Cheek
Drosera × carbarup Lowrie & Conran
Drosera × corinthiaca R.A.Gibson & E.Green
Drosera × eloisiana T.S.Bailey
Drosera × fontinalis Rivadavia
Drosera × hybrida Macfarl.
Drosera × legrandii Lowrie & Conran
Drosera × linglica Kusak. ex R.Gauthier & Gervais
Drosera × obovata Mert. & W.D.J.Koch
Drosera × pingellyensis Lowrie & Conran
Drosera × sidjamesii Lowrie & Conran
茅膏菜屬異型異名
Adenopa Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 37 (1837)
Dismophyla Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 36 (1837)
Drossera Gled. in Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Hist. (Berlin) 5: 126 (1749), orth. var.
Esera Neck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 160 (1790), opus utique oppr.
Filicirna Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 37 (1837)
Freatulina Chrtek & Slavíková in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 165: 140 (1996)
Rorella Hill in Brit. Herb.: 187 (1756)
Rossolis Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 245 (1763)
- 參考資料
-
- 1. 茅膏菜屬 .植物通[引用日期2013-09-27]
- 2. 茅膏菜屬 Drosera|iPlant 植物智——植物物種信息系統 .植物智[引用日期2023-02-08]
- 3. drosera .中國科學院植物研究所[引用日期2023-11-03]
- 4. 圓葉茅膏菜 Drosera rotundifolia|iPlant 植物智——植物物種信息系統 .植物智[引用日期2024-03-21]
- 5. Drosera L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science .Plants Of The World Online[引用日期2024-03-21]