羅伯特·格雷夫斯

羅伯特·格雷夫斯（Robert Graves，1895.7.24–1985.10.7），20世紀英國著名詩人,作家格雷夫斯生於倫敦，曾在第一次世界大戰中服役，之後從牛津大學畢業。他在開羅大學教了一年英語，後來曾一度在西班牙的馬略卡島定居。格雷夫斯從1961到1966年間任牛津大學的詩歌學教授。

羅伯特·格雷夫斯是20世紀英國文學史上一位極具創新精神的詩人。他擅長寫洗練的抒情詩，特別是愛情詩，繼承了傳統的風格，不趨時髦。他的戰爭詩獨具特色,充分展示了詩人特有的才情和睿智. 也寫小説、雜文、文學批評和神化研究作品，並翻譯文學經典。他最初的作品是一些譴責第一次世界大戰對生命的摧殘的詩歌。他的自傳《向一切告別》（1929年）講述了他在一戰中的經歷。譴責戰爭的殘酷，對英國病態的社會和文化表示不滿。

《耶穌王》（1946年）是一部非傳統歷史小説。他後來的大部分詩作都是愛情抒情詩。他的古羅馬帝國三部曲《我，克勞迪斯》（I， Claudius）、《克勞迪斯神和他的妻子梅薩利納》（Claudius the God and His Wife Messalina）、《貝利薩里烏斯伯爵》（Count Belisarius）是現代歷史小説經典之作，現實主義的表現手法使生活在古代的人物具有親近感，同時又保持了歷史性。他在《白色女神》(1947)一書中認為文藝起源於對原始女神的崇拜。他對希臘和希伯來神話也深有研究。1961至1965年任牛津大學詩學教授。1980年發表小説《他們吊死了我的聖潔的比利》。

《火盆旁》（1916年）、《詩集1938–1945年》（1946年）、《詩集》（1959年）、《新詩集》（1977年）。神話研究作品——《白仙女》（1947年）、《希臘神話》（1955年）。隨筆——《肩負讀者》（The Reader over Your Shoulder）（1943年，與艾倫·霍奇合著）。 ^[1] 

Over the Brazier. London: William Heinemann, 1923; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1923.

* The Feather Bed. Richmond, Surrey: Hogarth Press, 1923.

* Mock Beggar Hall. London: Hogarth Press, 1924.

* Welchmans Hose. London: The Fleuron, 1925.

* Poems. London: Ernest Benn, 1925.

* The Marmosites Miscellany (as John Doyle). London: Hogarth Press, 1925.

* Poems (1914-1926). London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929.

* Poems (1914-1927). London: William Heinemann

* To Whom Else? Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931.

* Poems 1930-1933. London: Arthur Barker, 1933.

* Collected Poems. London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random House, 1938.

* No More Ghosts: Selected Poems. London: Faber & Faber, 1940.

* Work in Hand, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge. London: Hogarth Press, 1942.

* Poems. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943.

* Poems 1938-1945. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Age Press, 1946.

* Collected Poems (1914-1947). London: Cassell, 1948.

* Poems and Satires. London: Cassell, 1951.

* Poems 1953. London: Cassell, 1953.

* Collected Poems 1955. New York: Doubleday, 1955.

* Poems Selected by Himself. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978.

* The Poems of Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1958.

* Collected Poems 1959. London: Cassell, 1959.

* The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1960; New York: Doubleday, 1961.

* More Poems 1961. London: Cassell, 1961.

* Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1961.

* New Poems 1962. London: Cassell, 1962; as New Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1963.

* The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration. Marlborough: Marlborough College Press, 1962.

* Man Does, Woman Is. London: Cassell, 1964; New York: Doubleday, 1964.

* Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1964.

* Love Respelt. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1966.

* One Hard Look 1965

* Collected Poems 1965. London: Cassell, 1965.

* Seventeen Poems Missing from 'Love Respelt'. privately printed, 1966.

* Colophon to 'Love Respelt'. Privately printed, 1967.

* Poems 1965-1968. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.

* Poems About Love. London: Cassell, 1969; New York: Doubleday, 1969.

* Love Respelt Again. New York: Doubleday, 1969.

* Beyond Giving. privately printed, 1969.

* Poems 1968-1970. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971.

* The Green-Sailed Vessel. privately printed, 1971.

* Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes. London: Cassell, 1971.

* Poems 1970-1972. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.

* Deyá, A Portfolio. London: Motif Editions, 1972.

* Timeless Meeting: Poems. privately printed, 1973.

* At the Gate. privately printed, London, 1974.

* Collected Poems 1975. London: Cassell, 1975.

* New Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1977.

* Selected Poems. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Penguin, 1986

* The Centenary Selected Poems. ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.

* Complete Poems Volume 1. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.

* Complete Poems Volume 2. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1996.

* Complete Poems Volume 3. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1999.

* The Complete Poems in One Volume ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.

* "The Death Room" The New Yorker 25/50 (4 February 1950) : 35

* My Head! My Head!. London: Sucker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New York, 1925.

* The Shout. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929.

* No Decency Left (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.

* The Real David Copperfield. London: Arthur Barker, 1933; as David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Condensed by Robert Graves, ed. M. P. Paine. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934.

* I, Claudius. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934.

o Sequel: Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935.

* Antigua, Penny, Puce. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; New York: Random House, 1937.

* Count Belisarius. London: Cassell, 1938: Random House, New York, 1938.

* Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth. London: Methuen, 1940; as Sergeant Lamb's America. New York: Random House, 1940.

o Sequel: Proceed, Sergeant Lamb. London: Methuen, 1941; New York: Random House, 1941.

* The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton. London: Cassell, 1943; as Wife to Mr Milton: The Story of Marie Powell. New York: Creative Age Press, 1944.

* The Golden Fleece. London: Cassell, 1944; as Hercules, My Shipmate, New York: Creative Age Press, 1945.

* King Jesus. New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946.

* Watch the North Wind Rise. New York: Creative Age Press, 1949; as Seven Days in New Crete. London: Cassell, 1949.

* The Islands of Unwisdom. New York: Doubleday, 1949; as The Isles of Unwisdom. London: Cassell, 1950.

* Homer's Daughter. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955.

* Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny. London: Cassell, 1956.

* They Hanged My Saintly Billy. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957.

* Collected Short Stories. Doubleday: New York, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965.

* An Ancient Castle. London: Peter Owen, 1980.

* On English Poetry. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922.

* The Meaning of Dreams. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; New York: Greenberg, 1925.

* Poetic Unreason and Other Studies. London: Cecil Palmer, 1925.

* Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: A Political Analogy. London: Hogarth Press, 1925.

* Another Future of Poetry. London: Hogarth Press, 1926.

* Impenetrability or The Proper Habit of English. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.

* The English Ballad: A Short Critical Survey. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as English and Scottish Ballads. London: William Heinemann, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957.

* Lars Porsena or The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E.P. Dutton, New York, 1927; revised as The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1936.

* A Survey of Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928.

* Lawrence and the Arabs. London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; as Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure. New York: Doubleday, 1928.

* A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; as Against Anthologies. New York: Doubleday, 1928.

* Mrs. Fisher or The Future of Humour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928.

* Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960.

* But It Still Goes On: An Accumulation. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1931.

* T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939.

* The Long Weekend (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941.

* The Reader Over Your Shoulder (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943.

* The White Goddess. London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Press, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958.

* The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922-1949. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949.

* Occupation: Writer. New York: Creative Age Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951.

* The Nazarene Gospel Restored (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954.

* The Greek Myths. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955.

* The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954-1955. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1956.

* Adam's Rib. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958.

* Jesus in Rome (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1957.

* Steps. London: Cassell, 1958.

* 5 Pens in Hand. New York: Doubleday, 1958.

* Food for Centaurs. New York: Doubleday, 1960.

* Greek Gods and Heroes. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as Myths of Ancient Greece. London: Cassell, 1961.

* Selected Poetry and Prose (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961.

* Oxford Addresses on Poetry. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962.

* The Siege and Fall of Troy. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963.

* The Big Green Book. New York: Crowell Collier, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak

* Hebrew Myths. The Book of Genesis (with Raphael Patai). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964.

* Majorca Observed. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.

* Mammon and the Black Goddess. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.

* Two Wise Children. New York: Harlin Quist, 1966; London: Harlin Quist, 1967.

* The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam (with Omar Ali-Shah). London: Cassell, 1967.

* Poetic Craft and Principle. London: Cassell, 1967.

* The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.

* Greek Myths and Legends. London: Cassell, 1968.

* The Crane Bag. London: Cassell, 1969.

* On Poetry: Collected Talks and Essays. New York: Doubleday, 1969.

* Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.

* In Broken Images: Selected Letters 1914-1946. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1982

* Between Moon and Moon: Selected Letters 1946-1972. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1984

* Collected Writings on Poetry. ed. Paul O'Prey, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.

* Complete Short Stories. ed Lucia Graves, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.

* Some Speculations on Literature, History, and Religion. ed Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.