結構與物性

分別從原子、分子、團簇和晶體層次介紹物質的基本結構及其對宏觀物理性質的影響。着重介紹化學鍵的物理本質及其對物質結構、形態和性能的影響；講述物質結構對稱性的起源，主要包括分子的對稱性和晶體的對稱性，基本對稱操作和羣的概念。要求掌握基本的晶體結構表徵方法（主要是X射線衍射，放在《固體物理》中講授）。具體講授原子結構與原子軌道，電子組態；分子軌道理論、價鍵理論、雜化軌道理論，化學鍵，分子構形與構象；碳與碳相關的物質結構。介紹分子間相互作用，作用力類型，氫鍵，親水基團與疏水基團，表面張力與表面活性劑。在講述基本知識的同時，介紹相關的前沿科研成果。晶體內部的微觀運動規律放在《固體物理》中講授（具體見《固體物理》課程內容簡介）。

This course introduces the basic structures of matter and its effects on the properties, on the levels of atoms, molecules, clusters and crystals, respectively. We emphasize on the physical origin of the chemical bonds, and how they affect the structure, configuration and the properties of matter. It introduces the origin of symmetry of matter, mainly including the symmetries of molecules and crystals, basic operation of symmetry and the concepts of group. Basic methods for characterization of crystal structure, such as X-ray diffraction, should be mastered (This part of crystal structure is combined with that in the course of Solid State Physics). In more details, it is introduced the atomic structure and atomic orbits, electronic configuration; theory of molecular orbital, valence bond theory, theory of hybridization orbit, chemical bonds, molecular configuration and conformation; structures of carbon and carbon based materials. It also introduces intermolecular interaction, types of interaction force, hydrogen bond, hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, surface tension and surfactants. During the course, related frontier researches and achievements would be mentioned. The microscopic law inside crystals would be taught in the course of Solid State Physics.