當家小生

黃梅戲的演員陣容有這樣一個特點：陰盛陽衰。近二十幾年來，才藝俱佳的女演員出了一批又一批，繼“五朵金花”之後，又出了一個韓再芬，而且來勢洶湧，湖北，安徽接連不斷地有優秀女演員嶄露頭角。而條件全面的男演員就成了鳳麟毛角。繼王少舫之後，出了一個黃新德。到目前為止，大概站在前面的算是張輝了。

張輝是湖北省黃梅戲劇院的副院長，國家一級演員。近年來一直活躍在戲曲、電影和電視屏幕之上。其實他的活動早已超出了省界，國界，湖北、安徽有什麼重點劇目，或是重點電視劇，就一定有他參加。他甚至成了新加坡的演藝界的一員。

張輝出生於安徽省朗溪縣的一個梨園世家，從小就熱愛藝術。1975年考取了安徽省藝術學校黃梅戲表演專業，主攻黃梅戲小生行當，曾得到黃梅戲表演藝術家王少舫、潘景利的親傳，每次學習考試各門課都是名列榜首。在校期間排練了黃梅戲的傳統戲《打豬草》、《夫妻觀燈》、《春香鬧學》、《天仙配》、《女駙馬》等大小劇目。五年的學習生涯，為他後來的發展，打下了紮實的藝術基礎。

1980年他以優異的成績畢業後，分配到安徽省黃梅戲劇團工作。著名錶演藝術家王少舫見張輝的條件全面，有發展潛力，從此收他為徒，經常給他開“小灶”。由於王老師的親傳，加之張輝自己的勤奮，藝術上進步很快，1981年隨團赴香港演出，緊接着在全國各大城市演出。就在這次巡迴演出時，張輝逐漸開始擔當主演，首先是在《天仙配》中出演董永，這個角色是王老師的成名作，由於王老師的親傳，張輝的演出取得了成功，受到了觀眾的好評，從那以後，開始在劇院中擔當更多的主演。除上演舞劇外，還拍攝了不少電影和電視劇。如在大型黃梅戲神話藝術片《龍女》中扮演“文哥”；如電影《孟姜女》中扮演男主角範杞良。電視劇《訂婚照的風波》、《這家沒男人》、《狐女嬰寧》、《賒官》等這幾部電視劇中都是扮演男主角，其中《這家沒男人》獲全國第三屆戲曲片一等獎。《賒官》獲全國第二屆戲曲片二等獎，到湖北後在黃梅戲電影《血淚恩仇錄》中扮演男主角施子章。六集電視劇《貂蟬》中飾演呂布，該劇獲第十一屆全國電視劇“飛天獎”。經過幾年的再學習和實踐，張輝一躍而成為在影視，電影，戲曲舞台上當紅的小生。

為了發展湖北的黃梅戲，也為了自己在藝術上有更大的發展，他來到了湖北。在這塊新的土地上，他得到了全國著名導演餘笑予等一批老師的關愛和呵護，促使他在藝術上不斷奮進。形象地説他在藝術上向上進行了三大跳這是從他塑造的董永、呂布和小和尚三個人物中體現出來的。

歷史和傳説中的董永、呂布和小和尚，一個是赫赫威名的戰將，一個是賣身葬父以行孝的農民，一個是無名無姓的出家和尚。這三個人社會地位懸殊、性格個性迥異，經歷氣質更是相差甚遠。因此，在戲曲舞台上按這些人物的特徵分別劃歸幾個行當。呂布由架子武小生扮演，董永由文小生扮演，《雙下山》中的小和尚則由丑角行扮演。這三個人物居然集中到張輝一個人身上。這無疑給他藝術生涯鋪滿了一條艱難曲折而又前途光明燦爛的大道。事實上，完成了董永、呂布和小和尚形象的塑造，實際上是完成由單純摹仿到主動創造，由特徵演員向性格演員的過渡。而每一個人物的成功塑造，也是他藝術的大道上躍進一個大的台階。

對觀眾已熟悉的人物按時代的要求進行新的探索。張輝到湖北表演的第一個人物是《天仙配》中的董永。這個形象由王少舫先生成功的表演後給廣大觀眾留下了鮮明深刻的印象。當湖北省黃梅戲劇院排演《天仙配》時，張輝根據導演的要求，在保留原人物的特徵外，又按照當代觀眾審美要求，對人物的思想內涵和性格特徵進行重新提煉和創造。張輝塑造的董永，除保留原來憨厚老實，善良本份的性格特徵外，同時在劇本規定的環境條件中注入強調了董永那不時顯露出來的，青年人所特有的青春活力和為追求幸福生活，敢於反抗惡勢力的性格特徵，由於對這些細節的強調，使董永的形象更為真實豐滿，使最後一場敢於咒罵天庭的大轉折，更具性格發展的邏輯性，從而使這場悲劇更具震撼力量。

塑造具有複雜性格特徵的人物形象。張輝成功地塑造過《孟姜女》中的範杞良和《血淚恩仇錄》中的施子章等人物，這些人物都屬文小生行當，而歷史題材《貂蟬》中的呂布則屬於戲曲藝術中，文武兼備的架子武小生行當的範疇，要塑造好這個人物，不僅要超出他已經掌握的行當的表演程式。又要準確地把握呂布在英俊果敢的外表下掩蓋着的“有奶就是娘”，唯利是圖，兇狠殘暴的個性特徵，同時，又要表現出其在淫亂之後也追求真摯的愛情，並在人性和愛情的感召下開始悔悟和復甦善良本性。這種複雜的性格和雙重人格無疑給表演帶來很大的難度。我們看到張輝在電視屏幕上塑造的呂布：在戰場上英勇善戰，捨生忘死；在董卓的手下又貪圖利祿，兇狠殘忍，在貂蟬面前是真摯坦率，憐香惜玉；當意識到自己是在為人作嫁衣時則消沉悔恨，其人性逐漸復甦。這一複雜的性格特徵通過張輝的表演都合乎情理的統一在呂布這個人物身上了。通過對呂布的成功塑造，其表演水平又向前跨越了一大步。

塑造具有個性特徵的人物形象。如果説呂布可以在戲曲行當中找到他的屬類的話，那麼《雙下山》中的小和尚是無法搞清他的行當歸屬了。小和尚勤勞善良，天真活潑又涉世不深，他在經常接觸的小尼姑的影響下，逐步看清了自己低下的地位和可悲的命運，由懵懂到清醒，由不懂男歡女愛到為了愛情而與小尼姑雙雙逃出山外。根據劇本提示的環境、條件，小和尚既不屬於小生，更不屬於小丑，而是介於二者之間的具有獨持的行當特色的人物形象。張輝在導演餘笑予的啓迪和教授下，細心琢磨，反覆探索表演小和尚的方法，他儘量避開行當的痕跡，從人物個性的要求出發，充分運用戲曲表演程式，又吸收話劇、歌舞自然，生活化的表演方式，發揮自己輕鬆活潑的表演特長，來塑造不屬任何行當的小和尚。他除注重運用戲曲的外部動作來刻畫人物的方式外，也吸收話劇體驗人物思想，揣摸人物感情的表演方式，同時吸收歌舞的舞蹈語彙來表現人物。為了表現小和尚想留下小尼姑給他用的汗巾又怕菩薩責怪的心理細節，餘笑予老師要求張輝運用把汗巾丟去而又自動飛回的特技，為此，他專程去河南豫劇團學回了丟手巾的特技，並自如的運用於劇情之中，由於他準確地把握了人物性格的基調，因而成功地塑造了一個不屬任何行當，只有特有的個性特徵的小和尚的人物形象。

張輝成功地塑造了具有各自個性特色的三個人物，完成了三大跳躍，從而使它完成了由特徵演員向個性演員的過渡，成為表演技能全面，戲路子寬闊的全能演員。

如果僅給張輝只是在表演上日臻成熟的定語，是不全面的，其實，他最顯個性特色的是他的演唱。張輝的嗓音純正厚實。報字清晰，行腔時輕重得當，情感處理細膩。黃梅戲韻味濃郁。他所唱的唱腔優美動聽，耐人尋味。

其實張輝早期的嗓音條件並不那麼好。在安徽省藝術學校學習期間，曾因“倒倉”而由文小生改學武小生。初到湖北時，一曲《天仙配》中的董永，嗓音都幾乎不夠用，演唱時有些叫人擔心。就因為如此，張輝重視在唱腔上下功夫了。在他看來，一個好的演員，並不是個個都有很好的嗓音條件的。就拿著名的黃梅戲表演藝術家嚴鳳英來説吧，她的嗓音條件是不那麼好的，但是她就在她的條件下去發揮它的特長，揚長避短，終於形成了一種獨特的風格。張輝也是如此，他沒有從聲腔的高度、難度上去鑽牛角尖，而是按自己嗓音條件在細膩、真切、韻味、報字上下功夫。他的唱腔特別講究報字清晰，他往往在行腔前，首先把字清晰地送入觀眾耳中，然後就勢行腔。張輝的聲腔處理的情感特別真實，其中一個重要的技巧是善於恰當地進行輕重處理，他在情感處理時善於用此法，行腔時往往多在中、低音量區徘徊，而一旦情感發展需要增大音量時再突然增大音量，就特別顯得有震撼力了。在輕重音轉換時處理的又非常細膩，這樣就使唱腔顯得格外柔和圓韻。就是在處理音頭和行腔的過渡時，也是運用此法，特別是那些字頭與旋律之間有一些不協調的地方，他突然轉為輕聲進行轉換，就使旋律顯得自然順暢了。經過近十年的藝術實踐，張輝在聲腔上基本形成了自己的演唱風格，受到了廣大觀眾的歡迎。

張輝在表演、聲腔上形成的個性特色，使他在黃梅戲男演員行當中走出一條新路子，成為在全國有影響的著名演員。他決心在藝術實踐中進行更深入地探索，力求形成一種被專家認可和廣大觀眾喜愛的表演特色和風格，並塑造出更多更美的人物形象，為黃梅戲事業做出貢獻。

Opera manages a household The Huangmei Opera manages a household the xiaosheng---Zhang Hui

Huangmei Opera's actor lineup has this kind of characteristic: Excess of Yin and shortage of Yang. The nearly two for several years, the talent and skill Ju Jia actress left group after group, after “five artificial flowers with gold-foil”, also had a Han Zaifen, moreover the oncoming force is turbulent, Hubei, Anhui has the outstanding actress to be budding continuously. But the condition comprehensive actor has had the phoenix large male deer wool angle. After Wang Shaofang, had a Huang Xinde. So far, what stands probably in front was Zhang Hui.

Zhang Hui is Hubei Province Huangmei Opera theater vice-president, the national first-level actor. In recent years has enlivened at the drama, the movie and above the television screen. Actually his activity already surpassed the provincial boundary, the national boundary, Hubei, Anhui had any key plays, perhaps the key soap opera, certainly had him to participate. He has even become Singapore's show business one.

Zhang Hui is born in a Anhui Province bright brook county theater circles aristocratic family, deeply loves art since childhood. in 1975 was admitted to a school the Anhui Province Art school Huangmei Opera to perform the specialty, the main attack Huangmei Opera xiaosheng trade, once obtained Huangmei Opera performing artist Wang Shaofang, Pan Jingli own biography, each time studied takes a test various class is tops the list. In school period rehearsed Huangmei Opera's traditional play "To hit Pig fodder", "Husbands and wives Views the lanterns", "Spring Fragrant Noisy Study", "Angel Matches", "Female Emperor's son-in-law" and so on size plays. Five year study profession, was his afterward development, has built the solid artistic foundation,

in 1980 he after outstanding result graduation, assigns to the Anhui Province ripe plum opera company work. Renowned performing artist Wang Shaofang sees Zhang Hui's condition to be comprehensive, has the development potential, henceforth receives him is the person, opens “the special mess hall” frequently to him. As a result of Mr./Mrs. Wang own biography, in addition Zhang Hui own diligence, in art progresses very quickly, in 1981 went along with a group to go to Hong Kong to perform, is following closely in the national each big city performance. When this time tours, Zhang Hui starts to take on gradually acts the leading role, first is in "Angel Will match" plays Dong forever, this role will be the Mr./Mrs. Wang signature work, as a result of Mr./Mrs. Wang own biography, Zhang Hui's performance has obtained the success, has received audience's high praise, from then on, will start in the theater to take on more acting the leading role. Besides performs the ballet, but also has filmed many movies and the soap opera. If "Dragon Female" acts “the article elder brother” in the large-scale Huangmei Opera myth artistic film; If the movie "Meng Jiangnyu" acts actor Fan Qi to be good. The soap opera "Engagement Illuminates Disturbance", "This Family Man", "Fox Female infant Rather", "Buys on credit Official" and so on these soap operas acts the actor, "This Family Not Man" wins the national third drama piece first prize. "Buys on credit Official" wins the national second drama piece second prize, after Hubei "Tears of blood Love and hate Record" acts actor Shi Zizhang at the Huangmei Opera movie. Six volumes of soap operas "Sable Cicada" plays Lv Bu, this play attains the 11th national soap opera “the flying apsara award”. And practices after several year again study, a Zhang Hui leap became in the film and television, the movie, the drama stage is swindled the red xiaosheng.

In order to develop Hubei's Huangmei Opera, also, for have a bigger development in art, he arrived at Hubei. On this new land, he obtained national renowned Director Yu Xiaoyu and so on one group of teachers' showing loving concern and protects, urges him to advance boldly unceasingly in art. Said vividly he carried on art three big jumped this is upwardly Dong Yong who, Lv Bu and in the lesser monk three characters molded from him manifests.

In the history and fable Dong Yong, Lv Bu and the lesser monk, one is Illustrious the prestige combat general, one is sells into servitude buries the father by the good filial piety farmer, one is the nameless non-surname becomes monk buddhist priest. These three person social position is disparate, the disposition individuality is different, the experience makings are far from. Therefore, incorporates into several trades separately in the drama stage according to these character's characteristic. Lv Bu acts by the rack military xiaosheng, Dong Yongyou the refined young man acts, "Double Descends the mountain" the lesser monk acts by the clown line. These three characters concentrate on unexpectedly a Zhang Hui individual body. This gave him the career of art to overspread one without doubt difficult and the future bright bright main road. In fact, has completed Dong Yong, Lv Bu and the lesser monk image mold, in fact is completes from imitates the initiative creation purely, by characteristic actor to character actor's transition. But each character's success mold, is also on his art main road leaps forward a big stair.

a generation of request has carried on the new exploration on time to the audience familiar characters. Performs Zhang Hui the first character who to Hubei is "Angel Matches" Dong Yong. This image after Mr. Wang Shaofang successful performance has made the bright profound impression for the mass audiences. When the Hubei Province Huangmei Opera theater rehearses "Angel Matches", Zhang Hui acts according to director's request, in retains outside the original character's characteristic, also defers to the contemporary audience esthetic request, carries on to character's thought connotation and the disposition characteristic refines and creates. Zhang Hui molds Dong Yong, besides retention original simple and honest honest, good province disposition characteristic, simultaneously stipulated in the script in the environmental condition poured into emphasized Dong Yongnei often revealed that the young people unique young blood and for the pursue happy life, dared to revolt against the evil force the disposition characteristic, as a result to these detail's emphasis, caused the Dong Yong image to be more real plentifully, caused last to dare to curse the forehead the big transition, had the disposition development the logic, thus caused this tragedy to have shocks the strength.

jumps out the familiar performance pattern, the mold had the complex disposition characteristic character image. Zhang Hui has portrayed "Meng Jiangnyu" successfully Fan Qi Liang and "Tears of blood Love and hate Record" characters and so on Shi Zizhang, these characters composing a piece of prose writing xiaosheng trade, but the historical theme "Sable Cicada" Lv Bu belongs to the drama art, civil and military has both the rack military xiaosheng trade's category, needs to portray this character, not only need surpass the trade performance program which he already grasped. Must grasp Lv Bu is covering under the handsome courageous semblance “to have the milk is accurately the mother”, is concerned only about profit, cut-throat cruel individuality characteristic, simultaneously, must display it after the promiscuity also pursues the sincere love, and starts in the human nature and under love impel to be repentant and to recover the good natural disposition. This kind of complex disposition and the dual personalities bring the very great difficulty without doubt to the performance. We saw Zhang Hui Lv Bu who molds on the television screen: Is brave in battle in the battlefield, laughs in the face of death; Under seeks after the benefits of rank and salary in Dong Zhuo, cut-throat cruel, in front of the sable cicada is sincere frank, shows tender affection; When realizes is in itself when the manner makes the bridal clothes depressed lamented that its human nature recovers gradually. This complex disposition characteristic through Zhang Hui's performance reasonable unification on Lv Bu this character body. Through to Lv Bu's success mold, its performance level forward surmounted a stride.

runs out the trade the fetter, the mold has the individuality characteristic character image. If Lv Bu might find him in the drama trade is kind of words, then "Double Descended the mountain" the lesser monk is unable to clarify his trade to belong. The lesser monk industrious good, naive lively has little experience of the world, he is contacting frequently under the young nun's influence, saw clearly gradually the low status and the pitiful destiny, from arrives ignorant soberly, from does not understand the loving couples to for love, but runs away in pairs outside with the young nun becomes an official. According to the script prompt's environment, the condition, the lesser monk already does not belong to the xiaosheng, does not belong to the comedian clown, but is situated between the trade characteristic character image which between the two has holds alone. Zhang Hui under the Director Yu Xiaoyu's inspiration and professor, ponders over carefully, explores repeatedly performs lesser monk's method, he avoids the trade as far as possible the trace, embarks from the character individuality request, performs the program fully using the drama, also absorbs the modern drama, the dance nature, the adaptation performance way, displays oneself relaxed lively performance special skill, molds is not any trade the lesser monk. He besides pays great attention to portray character's way using drama's exterior movement, also absorbs the modern drama to experience the character thought that holds traces the character sentiment the performance way, simultaneously absorbs the dance the dance vocabulary to display the character. In order to display the lesser monk to want to leave behind the young nun the sweat towel which uses to him to fear the Bodhisattva blames the psychological detail, Mr./Mrs. Yu Xiaoyu requests Zhang Hui to utilize the stunt which discards the sweat towel and flies back automatically, for this reason, he went to the Henan Henan theatrical troupe study to return specially has lost handkerchief's stunt, and free utilization in plot, because he has grasped the character disposition main key accurately, thus has molded one is not any trade successfully, only then unique individuality characteristic lesser monk's character image.

Zhang Hui molded successfully had the respective individuality characteristic three characters, has completed three big capers, thus caused it to complete by the characteristic actor to the individuality actor's transition, became the performance skill to be comprehensive, repertory broad versatile actor.

If only gives Zhang Hui is only at the performance the gradually maturing the attribute, is not comprehensive, actually, what his most obviously individuality characteristic is his singer. Zhang Hui's voice pure thick. Reports the character to be clear, when singing own interpretation the weight is appropriate, emotion processing is exquisite. The Huangmei Opera flavor is rich. He sings melody exquisite interesting to listen to, thought-provoking.

Actually Zhang Hui early time voice condition not that good. In Anhui Province Art school study, because once “emptied the grain out”, but changes study the military xiaosheng by the refined young man. When initially to Hubei, a tune "Angel Matches" Dong Yong, the voice nearly is insufficient, sings when somewhat is called the human to worry. Because of so, Zhang Hui took seriously in the melody to work hard. In his opinion, a good actor, is not each one has the very good voice condition. On took renowned Huangmei Opera performing artist Yan Fengying, her voice condition not that good, but she displayed its special skill in hers condition, enhanced strong points and avoided weaknesses, has formed one kind of unique style finally. Zhang Hui is also so, he from the tune, the difficulty has not bored tip of cows horn highly, but according to own voice condition in exquisite, clear, the flavor, on the newspaper character works hard. His melody is fastidious about the newspaper character to be clear specially, he often before singing own interpretation, first clearly sends in the character in the audience ear, then takes advantage of a situation to sing own interpretation. Zhang Hui's tune processing emotion is specially real, an important skill is good at carrying on weight processing appropriately, he when emotion processing is good at with this law, when singing own interpretation are often many, the low volume area paces back and forth, but when the emotion development needs to increase the volume increases the volume suddenly again, specially appeared has shocks the strength. When light stress transformation processes is also exquisite, like this causes the melody appears the especially gentle round rhyme. Is when the processing sound and the singing own interpretation transition, also utilizes this law, specially between these prefixes and the melody have some uncoordinated place, he transfers suddenly carries on the transformation in a soft voice, caused the melody appears the nature is smooth. After near ten year artistic practice, Zhang Hui formed basically in the tune his has sung the style, has received mass audience's welcome.

Zhang Hui individuality characteristic which in the performance, the tune forms, causes him to go out a new pathway in the Huangmei Opera actor trade, becomes in the national influential renowned actor. He was determined that carries on the artistic practice explores thoroughly, makes every effort to form one kind the performance characteristic which and the style likes by the expert approval and the mass audiences, and portrays the more beautiful character images, makes the contribution for the Huangmei Opera enterprise.