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爪哇語
(南島語系印度尼西亞語族語言)
鎖定
- 中文名
- 爪哇語
- 外文名
- Basa Jawa
- 使用人口
- 約6000萬
爪哇語語言簡介
印度尼西亞人數最多的民族——爪哇族的語言。屬南島語系印度尼西亞語族。爪哇語的歷史一般分為3個時期:12~13世紀為古爪哇語,14~17世紀為中古爪哇語,17世紀起為現代爪哇語。古代爪哇語深受梵語的影響。伊斯蘭教傳入印尼之後,使用阿拉伯字母。
爪哇語有6個元音,20個輔音。重音落在單詞的倒數第二個音節上。爪哇語是分析型語言,句法關係由功能詞和詞序表示。句子的基本結構是主語-謂語-賓語。定語一般在名詞之後,狀語在動詞之後。有大量馬來語、梵語、阿拉伯語、漢語、葡萄牙語、荷蘭語及英語藉詞。
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爪哇語特徵
分析型語言
爪哇語是分析型語言,句法關係由功能詞和詞序表示。
爪哇語是印尼四大主島之一的爪哇島上東、中部居民主要採用的語言。爪哇語屬南島語系中馬來-波利尼西亞語族的一個語支,和印尼語及馬來語算是近親,有語言人口7550萬人。不少講爪哇語的人都同時會説印尼語,但日常生活主要採用爪哇語。
現時爪哇語採用拉丁字母,但過去曾經採用一種很特別的爪哇文字來記錄他們的語言。
南島語系的語言
爪哇語是一種南島語系的語言,屬於馬來-波利尼西亞語族核心馬來-波利尼西亞語支的巽他語支,是爪哇島東部、中部和西部北岸的主要語言。它與馬來語、巽他語、峇里語、曼德勒語等語言的關係較密切,與蘇門答臘語、婆羅洲諸語、菲律賓語等的關係較疏。
爪哇語使用範圍
國家/地區:印尼爪哇島、蘇里南、新喀里多尼亞。
區域:東南亞的島嶼
使用人數:約8千萬~1億(包括第二語言使用者)
爪哇語發展歷史
一般分為3個時期:
12~13世紀為古爪哇語;
14~17世紀為中古爪哇語;
17世紀起為現代爪哇語。
爪哇語影響因素
爪哇語語言特點
爪哇語日常用語
英語 | 爪哇語 | |
---|---|---|
- | 正式 | 非正式 |
Welcome | Sugeng rawuh | - |
Hello | Halo | Halo |
How are you? I'm fine, thanks. And you? | Kadọs pundi kabaripun? | Piyé kabaré? |
Pangéstinipun saé | Apik-apik baé | |
Long time no see | Sampun dangu bọten kepanggih | Wis suwé ora ketemu |
What's your name? My name is ... | Asmanipun panjenengan sinten? | Jenengmu sạpạ? |
Nami kulạ ... | Jenengku ... | |
Where are you from? I'm from ... | Panjengan saking ngendi? | Kowe sạkạ ngendi? |
Kulạ saking ... | Aku sạkạ ... | |
Pleased to meet you | Kulạ seneng kepanggih kaliyan panjengan | Aku seneng ketemu karo kowé |
Good morning | Sugeng énjing | - |
Good afternoon | Sugeng siang | |
Good evening | Sugeng sọnten | |
Good night | Sugeng dalu | |
Goodbye | Kepanggih malih benjang | Dah dah! |
Good luck | Mugi tansah diparingi rejeki | - |
Cheers/Good health! | Mugi tansah diparingi kasarasan | Mugạ séhat terus |
Have a nice day | Mugi diparingi dinten ingkang saé | - |
Bon appetit | Sugeng dhahar | Ayo dipangan |
Bon voyage | Sugeng tindhak | Slamet jalan |
I don't understand | Kula bọten mangertọs | Aku ora mudeng |
Please speak more slowly | Tulung, pendikan ingkang sarèh | Tulung, ngọmọng alọn-alọn |
Do you speak Javanese? | Punạpạ panjenengan saged bạsạ Jạwi | Ạpạ kowé isạ bạsạ Jạwạ |
Inggih, sethithik | Yạ, sithik | |
How do you say ... in Javanese? | Kadọs pundi panjengan ngendikaaken ... ing bạsạ jawi | Piye kowé ngọmọng ... ing bạsạ jạwạ |
Excuse me | Nuwun séwu | Mit - amit |
How much is this? | Pinten reginipun? | Pirạ regané? |
Sorry | Nyuwun pangapunten | Jaluk ngapurạ |
Thank you (Response) | Matur nuwun | Trim |
Sami-sami | Pạdhạ-pạdhạ | |
Where's the toilet? | Paturasanipun wọnten pundi? | Paturasané ạnạ ngendi? |
This gentleman/lady will pay for everything | Piantun menika ingkang badhé bayar sedạyạ | Wọng kaé sing arep bayar kabèh |
Would you like to dance with me? | Punạpạ panjenangan kersạ nari kaliyan kulạ? | Ạpạ kowé gelem joged karo aku? |
I love you | Kula tresna panjengan | Aku seneng kowe |
Get well soon | Énggal dhangan | Ndang mari |
Leave me alone! | Késah kemaẉn! | Lungạ! |
Call the police! | Hubungi pulisi! | Hubungi polisi! |
Help! Fire! Stop! | Tulung! Kọbọngan! Stop! | Tulung! Kọbọngan! Stop! |
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year | Sugeng Riyạyạ Natal lan Warsạ Énggal | Slamet Natal lan Taun Anyar Sugeng Natal lan Sugeng Warso Enggal |
Happy Easter | Sugeng Riyạyạ Paskah | Slamet Paskah |
Happy Birthday | Sugeng Tanggap Warsạ | Slamet Ulang Taun |
One language is never enough | Setunggal bạsạ menika bọten cekap | Sak bọsọ kuwi ora cukup |
爪哇語爪哇語數詞
數字 | 爪哇語 | 數字 | 爪哇語 | 數字 | 爪哇語 |
1 | siji | 11 | sewelas | 21 | selikur |
2 | loro | 12 | rolas | 22 | rolikur |
3 | telu | 13 | telulas | 23 | telulikur |
4 | papat | 14 | patbelas | 24 | patlikur |
5 | limå | 15 | limålas | 25 | selawé |
6 | enem | 16 | nembelas | 26 | nemlikur |
7 | pitu | 17 | pitulas | 27 | pitulikur |
8 | wolu | 18 | wolulas | 28 | wolulikur |
9 | sångå | 19 | sångålas | 29 | sångålikur |
10 | sepuluh | 20 | rongpuluh | - | - |
30 | telung puluh | 100 | satus | ||
31 | telung puluh siji | 200 | rung atus | ||
36 | telung puluh enem | 300 | telung atus | ||
40 | patang puluh | 400 | patang atus | ||
41 | patang puluh siji | 600 | enem atus | ||
46 | patang puluh enem | 700 | pitung atus | ||
50 | sèket | 800 | wolung atus | ||
51 | sèket siji | 900 | sangang atus | ||
56 | sèket enem | 1,000 | sèwu | ||
60 | suwidak | 2,000 | rong èwu | ||
61 | suwidak siji | 1,000,000 | sak yutå | ||
70 | pitung puluh | 2,000,000 | rong yutå | ||
80 | wolung puluh | - | - | ||
90 | sangang puluh |
爪哇語家庭稱謂用語
英語 | 爪哇語 | 英語 | 爪哇語 |
family | kulåwargå | parent | wong tuwå |
male | lanang | female | wadôn / wédhok |
sibling | sedulur | cousin | sedulur misan |
cousin of same grand grandparent | sedulur mindho | - | - |
grandparent | simbah | ||
grandparent older brother/sister | simbah raka | grandparent younger brother/sister | simbah rayi |
grandfather | simbah kakung | grandmother | simbah putri |
husband or wife (spouse) | garwa | - | - |
father | bapak | mother | ibu |
child | anak | - | - |
son | putrå | daughter | putri |
1st child | pembarep | 2nd child | panggulu |
middle children | pandhådhå | - | - |
2nd from bottom child | sumèndhi | bottom child | wuragil |
grandchildren | putu | grand grandchildren | buyut |
grandson | putu lanang | granddaughter | putu wadôn |
older brother | kangmas | younger brother | adhi lanang |
older sister | mbakyu | younger sister | adik wadon |
older uncle | pakdhé | younger uncle | paklik |
older aunt | budhé | younger aunt | bulik |
nephew | keponakan lanang | niece | keponakan wadôn |
adopted child | anak pupôn | step children | anak kuwalôn |
step father | bapak kuwalôn | step mother | ibu kuwalôn |
parent-in-law | måråtuwå | - | - |
father-in-law | bapak måråtuwå | mother-in-law | ibu måråtuwå |
son / daughter-in-law | mantu | - | - |
relation between parent and parent-in-law | bésan | ||
brother / sister-in-law | ipe | ||
brother/sister of brother/sister-in-law | pripéan |
- 參考資料
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- 1. 爪哇實用信息 .去哪網[引用日期2013-02-01]