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尤娜路姆

鎖定
《尤娜路姆》是美國詩人埃德加·愛倫·坡創作的一首詩歌,是作者為哀悼亡妻所作。該詩最大限度地抒發悲痛與絕望,體現了詩人憂鬱、陰暗的心理狀態,表現出深重的孤獨感和自我的喪失。該詩想象大膽、狂放,假託自己的軀體在自己靈魂的引領下去尋找自己的亡妻,然而最後遇到的竟是一扇冰冷的墓門,既使詩篇增添了幾分奇美的神韻,又使其擁有了多重的寓意。 [2] 
作品名稱
尤娜路姆
作    者
埃德加·愛倫·坡
作品體裁
詩歌
創作時間
1847年
外文原名
Ulalume

尤娜路姆作品原文

Ulalume
The skies they were ashen and sobre;
The leaves they were crisped and sere,
The leaves they were withering and sere;
It was night in the lonesome October
Of my most immemmorial year;
It was hard by the dim lake of Auber,
In the misty mid region of Weir:
It was down by the dank tarn of Auber,
In the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir.
Here once, through an alley Titanic
Of cypress, I roamed with my Soul --
Of cypress, with Psyche, my Soul.
These were days when my heart was volcanic
As the scoriac rivers that roll,
As the lavas that restlessly roll
Their sulphurous currents down Yaanek
In the ultimate climes of the pole,
That groan as they roll down Mount Yaanek
In the realms of the boreal pole.
Our talk had been serious and sober,
But our thoughts they were palsied and sere,
Our memories were treacherous and sere,
For we knew not the month was October,
And we marked not the night of the year,
(Ah, night of all nights in the year!)
We noted not the dim lake of Auber
(Though once we had journeyed down here),
Remembered not the dark tarn of Auber
Nor the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir.
And now, as the night was senescent,
And star-dials pointed to morn,
As the star-dials hinted of morn,
At the end of our path a liquiescent
And nebulous lustre was born,
Out of which a miraculous crescent
Arose with a duplicate horn,
Astarte's bediamonded crescent
Distinct with its duplicate horn.
And I said -- "She is warmer than Dian:
She rolls through an ether of sighs,
She revels in a region of sighs:
She has seen that the tears are not dry on
These cheeks, where the worm never dies,
And has come past the stars of the Lion
To point us the path to the skies,
To the Lethean peace of the skies:
Come up, in despite of the Lion,
To shine on us with her bright eyes:
Come up through the lair of the Lion,
With love in her luminous eyes."
But Psyche, uplifting her finger,
Said -- "Sadly this star I mistrust,
Her pallor I strangely mistrut:
Oh, hasten! -- oh, let us not linger!
Oh, fly! -- let us fly! -- for we must."
In terror she spoke, letting sink her
Wings until they trailed in the dust;
In agony sobbed, letting sink her
Plumes till they trailed in the dust,
Till they sorrowfully trailed in the dust.
I replied -- "This is nothing but dreaming:
Let us on by this tremulous light!
Let us bathe in this crystalline light!
Its sibyllic splendor is beaming
With hope and in beauty to-night:
See, it flickers up the sky through the night!
Ah, we safely may trust to its gleaming,
And be sure it will lead us aright:
We safely may trust to a gleaming
That cannot but guide us aright,
Since it flickers up to the Heaven through the night."
Thus I pacified Psyche and kissed her,
And tempted her out of her gloom,
And conquered her scruples and gloom;
And we passed to the end of the vista,
But were stopped by the door of a tomb,
By the door of a legended tomb;
And I said -- "What is written, sweet sister,
On the door of this legended tomb?"
She replied -- "Ulalume -- Ulalume --
'Tis the vault of thy lost Ulalume!"
Then my heart it grew ashen and sober
As the leaved that were crisped and sere,
As the leaves that were withering and sere,
And I cried -- "It was surely October
On this very night of last year
That I journeyed -- I journeyed down here,
That I brought a dread burden down here:
On this night of all nights in the year,
Ah, what demon has tempted me here?
Well I know, now, this dim lake of Auber,
This misty mid region of Weir:
Well, I know, now, this dank tarn of Auber,
This ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir."
Said we, then—the two, then—"Ah, can it
Have been that the woodlandish ghouls—
The pitiful, the merciful ghouls—
To bar up our way and to ban it
From the secret that lies in these wolds—
From the thing that lies hidden in these wolds—
Had drawn up the spectre of a planet
From the limbo of lunary souls—
This sinfully scintillant planet
From the Hell of the planetary souls?" [1] 

尤娜路姆中文譯文

尤娜路姆
天空上一片灰白色而且清淡;
樹葉是枯乾的而且瑟脆,
樹葉是枯乾的而且凋萎;
這是我最難追憶的一年,
一個荒涼的十月的夜裏;
緊瀕那朦朧的奧伯湖邊,
在那多霧的維爾的腹地:
直下那鬱濕的奧伯潭邊,
在殭屍出沒的維爾的林地。
在此地,穿行於一條龐大的
柏樹的蔭道,我漫步,和我的靈魂,
柏樹的蔭道,伴着賽琪,我的靈魂。
在這些日子,我的心是爆發的,
像火山熔岩的河流在奔騰,
像火山岩漿在無盡地奔騰,
那硫磺的狂潮滾下了耶涅山,
在極地那世界盡頭的國度;
它一面悲吟,一面滾下了耶涅山,
在北極那荒寒的領土。
我們的傾談是嚴肅而且清醒,
但我們的思想是枯乾而且麻痹,
而我們的記憶是枯乾而且狡黠;
我們不知道這正是十月的月份,
我們沒注意這是哪一個夜裏,
(啊,一年之中竟是這一個夜裏!)
我們沒留心那朦朧的奧伯湖濱,
(雖然有一次我們到過這裏)
沒憶起那鬱濕的奧伯潭濱,
更忘了殭屍出沒的維爾的林地。
而這時,夜已經顯得老耋。
而星圖已暗指向了黎明,
當星圖已漸漸示着黎明,
在蔭路的盡頭有類似溶液
又類似星雲的光輝誕生,
自光中又有彎神奇的新月
擎着孿生的雙角而飛昇,
亞絲塔特鑲滿鑽石的新月
擎孿生的雙角,如此光明。
於是我説:“她比黛安還要温暖:
她旋轉於一團嘆息的氣氛,
她浮沉於一圈嘆息的空冥:
她已經看見淚滴還沒有凝幹
於我的頰上,頰上有不死的傷心,
而且自獅子座的星羣間飛過,
來指示我們去天國的路程,
去天國那禮洗河般的寧靜:
升了上來,無懼於獅子星座,
照射我們,以她明亮的眼睛:
升了上來,自獅子座的穴窩,
閃耀的眼中滿孕着愛情。”
可是賽琪,將她的手指舉起,
説道:“不幸這顆星我不相信,
她的蒼白我出奇地不能相信:
哦,加緊,哦,讓我們莫再遲疑!
哦,快逃,讓我們快逃,我們必須加緊。”
駭然,她説着,且垂下她的雙翼,
直到它們拖曳於灰塵,
慟然,她泣着,且垂下她的白羽,
直到它們拖曳於灰塵,
直到它們憂傷地拖曳於灰塵。
我答道:“這不過是一場夢寐:
讓我們前進,借這顫抖的光芒!
讓我們浴於這水晶似的光芒!
它那預言神的光采正射着清輝,
於今夜,滿含着美和希望:
看,它搖曳於黑夜,直燭天堂!
啊,我們可以信賴它的光輝,
且相信它會導致正確的方向:
我們可以信賴這樣的光輝,
它一定會引至正確的方向。
因為它搖晃於黑夜,直燭天堂。”
於是我安慰着賽琪,而且吻她,
而且引誘她抖開她的鬱悶,
而且征服了她的疑慮和鬱悶;
於是我們直走到蔭路的盡頭,
可是被阻於一扇墓門,
被阻於一扇傳説的墓門;
“這是什麼,好姐姐,”我問她:
“寫在這扇傳説的墓門?”
她答道:“尤娜路姆,尤娜路姆,
墓中是你逝去的尤娜路姆!”
於是我的心靈變成灰白而且清淡,
像樹葉那樣地乾枯而且瑟脆,
像樹葉那樣地乾枯而且凋萎;
於是我驚呼:“那無疑是去年,
去年十月的同一個夜裏,
我曾漫步,我曾漫步來此地,
我曾負一個可怖的重壓來此地:
在一年之間,竟是這一個夜裏,
啊,什麼魔鬼誘我來此地?
現在我認清,這朦朧的奧伯湖邊,
這多霧的維爾的腹地:
現在我認清,這鬱濕的奧伯潭邊,
這殭屍出沒的維爾的林地。”
余光中 譯) [2] 

尤娜路姆創作背景

愛倫·坡的妻子叫維吉尼亞·克萊姆,是他的表妹,年齡上比他小很多,但兩人痴情相愛,不計生活的艱辛。1847年,這個柔弱的女人在貧病交加中含恨早逝,該詩即是為了悼念維吉尼亞而作的。 [4-5] 

尤娜路姆作品鑑賞

詩篇一開首就為讀者營造了一種荒涼、悽清而又陰鬱的氣築:這是一個荒涼的十月,灰白色的天幕顯得極為空寂,枯黃的樹葉在枝頭瑟瑟發抖。在那霧靄瀰漫的湖邊,在那陰暗、潮濕的柏樹林內,有一片鬼影出沒、鴟鴞悲鳴的墳塋。這段描繪為全詩定下了悲痛、沉鬱的情感的基調“追憶”、“十月”等字眼的出現與最後一個詩節中“那無疑是去年,/去年十月的同一個夜裏”等詩句遙相呼應,暗點出我於深夜漫遊的真正緣由。
自第二個詩節起,詩句就變得更為神秘、奇麗﹑曼妙而又空靈,詩中抒情主人公我的情緒也像大海一樣起伏動盪、波濤洶湧。我在這陰森恐怖的柏樹林中穿行,我的靈魂賽琪則扇着雙翼為我引路。為什麼每到這些日子,一年裏十月的這些日子,我的心總是如此嬌嫩,如此多愁善感,見到那枯黃的葉片自枝頭旋轉着墜落,聽到深夜中那鴟鴞的悲鳴,總止不住心潮起伏、淚流如雨?我遠望那巍峨的耶涅山,它靜靜地矗立在天邊,什麼也沒有回答我;我環視這葱鬱的柏樹林,它在暗夜中兀自肅立着,對我的憂鬱和痛苦不聞不問;惟有我的靈魂,我那親密的賽琪,她因我深情地探同而盤旋着駐足,她用那雙憂鬱的眼睛默默地與我交流。與賽琪的傾談使我忘卻了眼前的痛苦與憂鬱,忘卻身邊這陰森的柏樹林,忘卻了“那朦朧的奧伯湖”以及“那鬱濕的奧伯潭”,而完全在幸福的往昔中徜徉。我想起了我那心愛的人兒,她比天上那皎潔的明月還要温柔、嫺靜,她那雙湖泊似的眼睛內蓄滿了清澈的愛情。然而現在陰影遮蔽了那皎潔的明月,量奪去了那雙清澈的眼睛。我堅信那輪明月不會墜落,我堅信那雙眼睛依然會像星星一樣閃爍。於是,我緊緊地追隨着賽琪,在這濃黑而又漫長的夜裏苦苦地尋找。但是呵,當走到樹陰路的盡頭,橫在面前的竟是一扇冰冷的墓門,而墓中長眠的正是我那親愛的尤娜路姆。詩人抒寫至此,情緒達到了最高峯,詩篇也於此戛然而止。
古往今來,悼念亡婦的詩可謂多矣,然而像愛倫·坡這樣把那痛人骨髓而又愁腸百結的情緒如此形象、如此真摯地描繪出來實不多見。特別是他那大膽、狂放的想像:假託自己的軀體在自己靈魂的引領下去尋找自己的亡妻,然而最後遇到的竟是一扇冰冷的墓門。這種形象化的描繪既使詩篇增添了幾分奇美的神韻,又使其擁有了多重的寓意。 [2] 

尤娜路姆作者簡介

埃德加·愛倫·坡(Edgar Allan Poe),生於1809年1月19日,逝於1849年10月7日,美國作家,詩人,編輯和文學評論家,美國浪漫主義思潮時期的重要成員。坡以神秘故事和恐怖小説聞名於世,他是美國短篇故事的最早先驅者之一,又被尊為推理小説的開山鼻祖,進而也被譽為後世科幻小説的始祖。他是第一個嘗試完全依賴寫作謀生的美國作家,從而導致貧困潦倒。 [3] 
參考資料
  • 1.    (美)坡著;曹明倫譯,大師插圖本 愛倫 坡詩集,HarperCollins UK,2013.10,第258-267頁
  • 2.    梁工總主編;袁若娟主編,美國現代詩歌精選評析,河南大學出版社,2006.02,第13-18頁
  • 3.    埃德加·愛倫·坡生平經歷  .網易[引用日期2021-08-07]
  • 4.    林以亮編選;張愛玲等譯,美國詩選,生活·讀書·新知三聯書店,1989.10,第34頁
  • 5.    李文祿,黃永恆主編;王巍,王福和副主編,外國愛情詩鑑賞辭典,吉林大學出版社,1994.01,第711頁