寫作160篇

“作文難，難於上青天，苦思冥想難為句,東拼西湊不成篇……”對於基礎薄弱考生而言，應該沒有哪個題型比寫作更讓人頭疼了。常常是模板背了一大堆,範文背了幾十篇,到了考場上,卻依然無從下筆。為了幫助基礎薄弱考生攻克寫作難題,我們經過十餘年的不斷探索和持續創新，精心打磨出這本適合“考研英語(一)基礎薄弱考生”的《寫作160篇》。它能幫助考生在系統夯實寫作基礎和全面演練可考話題的基礎上,實現考研作文的大幅提分。

提到英語基礎,很多人腦海中都會出現“詞彙”和“語法”這兩個關鍵詞。經過我們多年來的廣泛調研和深入分析,可以斷定,詞彙和語法並非“基礎薄弱考生難以攻克寫作難題”的癥結所在。原因無他,只因“英語基礎≠寫作基礎”。

《寫作160篇》 ^[1]  經過系統梳理和層層圈定，創新性地為基礎薄弱考生界定了考研英語(一)的寫作基礎——800個寫作高分詞彙+5大英語基礎句型+6大考研經典模板+3大思路突破定律+36條語言突破法則。

我們建議考生按照如下順序複習：

詞彙是考研英語作文的基本單位,是文章意義的主要承擔者。英語寫作水平的高低在很大程度上取決於詞彙使用的準確性和靈活性。而大多數考生在複習時,僅將精力用於識記考研英語大綱詞彙上,忽視了“大綱詞彙≠寫作詞彙”這一事實,因而陷入“單詞記了5000 + ,寫作文時仍不知該用哪些詞彙表達”的困境。

對此,本書精心篩選了約800個考研英語(一)寫作高分詞彙,以期幫助考生打破“無詞可寫、用詞單一”的窘境。值得一提的是,對於這800個詞彙，本書還從“題材”和“詞性”兩大維度人手,對其進行了系統分類,以便考生在寫作時快速準確地調用。具體而言，按照題材記憶,有利於考生在看到某一話題時，迅速在大腦中搜索與該話題相關的詞彙；而按照詞性記憶,則有利於考生在具體創作時,寫出合乎語法規範、表意準確無誤的句子。

很多考生在剛開始複習寫作時,就致力於寫出“結構多變、句式豐富”的文章。但是，假如你的基礎並不紮實,則很可能會弄巧成拙，導致“錯誤滿篇，分數低下”。因此,我們建議基礎薄弱的考生在速記高分詞彙之後,先學會運用5大英語基礎句型進行寫作，然後再逐步豐富文章的語法結構和寫作句式。

“背了好多詞彙和句型，就是不知怎樣將其組織成一篇完整的文章。”這是絕大多數基礎薄弱考生在複習時遇到的又一難題。而背誦模板無疑能讓考生快速走出這一困境。簡而言之，模板能夠幫助考生具化寫作思路，建立寫作框架,使其在短時間內迅速將零散的寫作素材有機地組織起來，形成一篇“思路清晰，框架完整”的考研英語作文。

為了減輕考生的記憶負擔，本書對歷年考研英語(一)真題進行了系統分析,發現短文寫作均可歸於6大主題。針對每一類型主題，編者均提供了2個模板,考生可根據自身情況選擇初級模板或升級模板進行背誦，以快速脱離無從下筆之窘境。

不可否認,模板對於基礎薄弱考生有着非常重大的意義和價值。但是,只有突破模板,消除閲卷老師的“審美疲勞”,你的作文才有可能獲取高分。為了幫助考生從宏觀思路上擺脱模板框架的約束,本書創造性地歸納出了“3大思路突破定律” ,以推動文章實現“結構由單一到全

面”“要點由部分到完整”“深度由表象到內裏”三方面的提升。

若想大幅提分,考生還應在微觀語言上有所突破,因為富於變化的句式往往能夠快速引起閲卷老師的關注。對此,本書層層篩選真題句式,最終敲定“36條語言突破法則”,以指導考生將枯燥乏味的句子變得飽滿生動，跌宕起伏。

“系統夯實寫作基礎”是基礎薄弱考生突破寫作、大幅提分的必經之路,但除此之外,考生還需通過集中演練所有可考話題來實現考研英語作文的質變飛躍。針對考生的這一訴求,本書“全面涵蓋可考話題”,涉及命題可能觸及的各種題材，創下了15次命中真題作文的驕人記錄。

另外,為了幫助考生節約複習時間,本書將160篇範文按照話題的重要程度分為3類,以滿足基礎薄弱考生不同階段的複習需求。

本書全面涵蓋了自2006年以來的所有考研英(一)寫作真題(共32篇),運用始創的“三步作文法”和“兩步作文法”,分別為短文和應用文配備了高水準的範文,並對之進行了深度解讀。其中,在短文寫作的第三步和應用文寫作的第二步中,我們運用語言突破法則,對上一步的範文進行了“逐句突破”。通過反覆揣摩和背誦,考生可全面把握歷年真題寫作的命題規律,深人掌握“逐級提升”的寫作方法。

歷經數十輪的科學論證和系統篩選,本書為考生科學圈定了“40篇重點預測話題”,在很大程度上壓縮了當年可考重點話題的範圍。本書所選定的這些話題緊扣命題趨勢，符合時代旋律。同時,在編者的仔細修改和反覆潤色後，這些範文凸顯出思路清晰、論證充分、銜接有度和語言精美等特點,考生可在考前進行重點複習。

為了幫助考生拓寬視野,擴充寫作素材,編者還精心篩選了有可能會考到的88個社會熱點話題。複習時間不足的考生可以根據自己的實際情況和理性判斷,挑選一部分話題進行練習，考生既可以挑選自己相對薄弱的話題,也可以挑選自己認為比較重要的話題。選對了書籍,就成功了一半。

第一章考研寫作概述····························································2

第一節寫作概論··································································2

第二節高分詞彙··································································6

第三節經典句式 ·································································27

第四節段落速成 ·································································30

第五節 寫作常見錯誤···························································42

第二章考研寫作經典模板總結（突破高分）······························48

第一節短文寫作經典模板······················································48

第二節應用文寫作經典模板 ··················································55

第三章考研寫作經典模板突破（衝刺滿分）······························66

第一節3大思路突破定律······················································66

第二節36條語言突破法則···················································71

第一章短文寫作16篇·························································88

第一節歷年真題短文寫作分類和命題趨勢預測···························88

第二節歷年真題短文寫作（2005－2020）······················91

2005年真題作文··········································91

2006年真題作文··········································96

2007年真題作文··········································103

2008年真題作文··········································109

2009年真題作文··········································115

2010年真題作文··········································122

2011年真題作文··········································128

2012年真題作文··········································135

2013年真題作文 ··········································141

2014年真題作文··········································147

2015年真題作文··········································153

2016年真題作文··········································160

2017年真題作文··········································167

2018年真題作文··········································174

2019年真題作文··········································180

2020年真題作文 ··········································186

第二章應用文寫作16篇 ·····································193

第一節 歷年真題應用文寫作分類和規律總結··············193

第二節 歷年真題應用文寫作（2005－2020）··195

2005年真題作文··········································195

2006年真題作文·········································· 198

2007年真題作文··········································201

2008年真題作文··········································204

2009年真題作文··········································207

2010年真題作文··········································211

2011年真題作文··········································214

2012年真題作文 ··········································217

2013年真題作文··········································221

2014年真題作文··········································224

2015年真題作文··········································227

2016年真題作文··········································230

2017年真題作文··········································233

2018年真題作文··········································236

2019年真題作文··········································239

2020年真題作文 ··········································243

第一章短文寫作30篇······························248

第一節正能量弘揚型·································248

1．工匠精神··········································248

2．對社會冷漠説“不”·······························249

3．保護名勝古蹟····································251

4．文化綜藝弘揚傳統文化························253

5．綠色出行··········································254

第二節負能量批判型·································256

6．如此證明 ·········································256

7．中國傳統文化的缺失···························258

8．霧霾················································260

9．校園霸凌··········································261

10．拖延症··········································263

第三節利弊參半分析型······························265

1．二孩政策··········································265

12．跨文化傳播····································267

13．網絡輿論·······································268

14．人工智能的利與弊···························270

15.網絡直播 ···········································272

第四節 對立觀點選擇型······························273

16．學歷與能力 ····································273

17．渴求與自滿·····································275

18．考研與就業·····································277

19．注重結果與注重過程·························278

20．內在美還是外在美 ····························280

第四節人生哲理提煉型································282

21．今生我不可替代································282

22．遇事不抱怨······································283

23．成功是一座冰山································285

24．每天進步一點點································287

25．學會靈活變通···································289

第五節社會問題解決型································290

26．打開心門，擁抱生活··························290

27．如何與家人溝通································292

28．4－2－1家庭模式··························294

29．老齡化社會的醫療·····························295

30．繁重的家庭作業 ·······························297

第二章應用文寫作10篇·····························300

第一節 建議信··········································300

第二節 邀請信··········································301

第三節 申請信··········································302

第四節 感謝信··········································304

第五節 道歉信··········································305

第六節 辭職信··········································306

第七節 推薦信··········································307

第八節 祝賀信··········································309

第九節投訴信··········································310

第十節 通知············································311

第一章短文寫作78篇 ······························314

第一節正能量弘揚型··································314

1．團結互助············································314

2．旅遊促進對文化的理解··························314

3．低碳生活············································315

4．光盤行動············································315

5．經驗之談············································316

6．勇於突破困境······································316

7．創新··················································317

8．與友同行············································318

9．獨立思考············································318

11．讀書的重要性···································319

第二節負能量批判型···································319

11．不文明行為·········································319

12．旁觀者效應······································320

13．襲醫事件·········································320

14．論文剽竊·········································321

15．保護我們的家園································321

16．拒絕酒駕·········································322

17．明星代言·········································323

18．踐踏誠信·········································323

19．責任···············································324

20．網絡暴力·········································324

21．啃老族············································325

22.維護公共衞生的意識·······························325

第三節利弊參半分析型································326

23．巧用壓力·········································326

24．看景還是看人···································327

25．轉基因食品······································327

26．老外過春節······································328

27．網絡語言·········································328

第四節 對立觀點選擇型·······························329

28．大學生擇業 ·····································329

29．選擇自己的方向································330

30．金錢與知識······································330

31．理想與現實······································331

32．百度作業·········································331

33．外貌與能力······································332

34．紙質書與電子書································332

第五節 人生哲理提煉型·······························333

35．人生沒有過不去的坎··························333

36．正確的方向是成功的前提····················334

37．信仰的力量······································334

38．信念的高度決定人生的高度·················335

39．得與失············································335

40．苦盡甘來·········································336

41．幸福在哪裏······································336

42．正視自己·········································337

43．從小事做起······································338

44．如何把握機遇···································338

45．讚揚的力量······································339

46．牽着時光的手···································339

47．真正的贏家······································340

48．陽光與陰影······································340

49．雄心···············································341

50．毅力與恆心 ·····································342

第六節社會問題解決型 ·······························342

51．養老金虧空 ······································342

52．教育的公平·······································343

53．安全第一··········································343

54．你陪我長大，我陪你變老·····················344

55．空巢老人··········································344

56．擁擠的蟻穴·······································345

57．信用卡氾濫·······································346

58．珍惜水資源·······································346

59．國際旅遊與文化衝突···························347

60．食品安全··········································347

61．年輕人交友·······································348

62．低頭族·············································348

63．個人信息泄露····································349

64．網購················································350

65．微信朋友圈·······································350

66．面試困境··········································351

67．大學生求職·······································351

68．青少年犯罪·······································352

69．過度城市化·······································353

70．有其父必有其子·································353

71．大學生心理健康·································354

72．把自立寄回家····································354

73．留守兒童··········································355

74．灰色假期··········································355

75．走出教育的誤區·································356

76．溺愛················································357

77．因材施教··········································357

78．旅遊景點宰客 ···································358

第二章應用文寫作10篇······························359

第一節請求信 ·············································359

第二節建議信··············································359

第三節致辭·················································360

第四節信息廣告············································360

第五節私人信函············································361

第六節備忘錄···············································361

第七節電子郵件············································362

第八節求職信···············································363

第九節啓事 ················································363

第十節 訂購信·············································364