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單元音

鎖定
單元音(monophthong)共12個:其中/ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ / ɜ:/ /i:/ /u:/為長元音;/ ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/為短元音。長短元音有對應關係。
中文名
單元音
外文名
monophthong
數    量
12個
分    類
長元音,短元音
發音方法
前元音後元音中元音
舉    例
英語元音

單元音發音方式

單元音發音時可按舌面隆起的位置分為前元音後元音和中元音三類。發前元音時舌的最高點在口腔的前部;發後元音時,舌的最高點在口腔的後部;發中元音時舌的最高點在口腔的中部。

單元音元音單詞

以英語元音為例
前元音: [i:] [ i] [ e ] [æ]
中元音: [ʌ][ə:][ə]
後元音: [ɔ] [ɔ:] [u:] [u] [a:]
[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling, street, beef, these, week, meat, agree
[ɪ]sit, build, miss, myth, palace, between, if, give, busy, gym
[e] bed, desk, head, anything, many, again, special, heavy, weather, whether, friendly
[æ] bad, land, bank, stamp, pal, Canada, taxi
[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
[ ɔ] hot, want, wallet, wash, what
[ ɔ:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught
[u:] who, blue, soup,
[u] look, put, woman, could,good
[ʌ] cup, come, blood, rough
[ə:] girl, work, serve, nurse
[ə ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

單元音單韻母

漢語普通話 [1] 
拼音:a o e i u ü er
這幾個元音音位還有各自的音位變體
e[ɤ] 在i和ü後的實際發音為[ê]
i 在聲母jqx後的實際發音為[ɩ],而在聲母zh ch sh r後的實際發音又為[ɿ]
關於韻母er,雖然由兩個字母組合而成,但卻是捲舌的單元音[ə˞](舌位沒有變化)
[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling, street, beef, these, week, meat, agree
[ɪ]sit, build, miss, myth, palace, between, if, give, busy, gym
[e] bed, desk, head, anything, many, again, special, heavy, weather, whether, friendly
[æ] bad, land, bank, stamp, pal, Canada, taxi
[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
[ɔ] hot, want, wallet, wash, what
[3:] skirt,bink,girl,person,purple,learn
[u:] good, who, blue, soup,
[u] look, put, women, could
[ʌ] cup, come, blood, rough,up
[ə:] girl, work, serve, nurse
[ə] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
參考資料
  • 1.    國家教委師範教育司.教師口語訓練手冊:首都師範大學出版社,2003