英語前置詞(preposition,adposition的一種,還有後置詞postposition),表示名詞、代詞等與句中其它詞的關係,在句中不能單獨作句子成分。介詞後面一般有名詞、代詞或相當於名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,表示與其他成分的關係。
介詞前置詞分類
編輯按構成分
前置詞表示它後面的名詞或代詞(或相當於名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句)與其他句子成分的關係。前置詞通常位於名詞或代詞之前。
- 合成前置詞包括into,within,throughout,inside,outside,without等由兩個單詞組成的介詞。
- 重疊前置詞包括from among 從...當中from behind 從...後面,until after 直至...之後,at about 在大約...,after about 在大約...之後 等
按詞義分
aboard | about | above | across |
after (also conj.) | against | along | alongside |
amid | amidst (poetic) | among = amongst (UK) | anti |
around | as (also conj.) | astride | at |
atop (poetic) | bar | barring | before (also conj.) |
behind | below | beneath | beside |
besides | between | beyond | but (also conj.) |
by | circa | concerning | considering |
counting | cum | despite | down |
during | except | excepting | excluding |
following | for (also conj.) | from | given |
gone (UK) | in | including | inside |
into | less | like | minus |
near | notwithstanding | of | off |
on | onto (US)(= on to) | opposite | outside |
over | past | pending | per |
plus | pro | re | regarding |
respecting | round | save (formal) | saving (formal) |
since (also conj.) | than (also conj.) | through = thru (US) | throughout |
till (also conj.) | to | touching | toward (US) = towards (UK) |
under | underneath | unlike | until (formal, also conj.) |
up | upon (formal) | versus | via |
with | within | without | worth |
according to | ahead of | à la (from French) | along with |
apart from | as for | aside from | as per |
as to | as well as | away from | because of |
but for | by means of | close to | contrary to |
depending on | due to | except for | forward of |
further to | in addition to | in between | in case of |
in face of | in favour of | in front of | in lieu of |
in spite of | instead of | in view of | irrespective of |
near to | next to | on account of | on behalf of |
on board | on to (UK)(= onto) | on top of | opposite to |
other than | out of | outside of | owing to |
preparatory to | prior to | regardless of | save for |
thanks to | together with | up against | up to |
up until | vis-à-vis (from French) | with reference to |
介詞主要用途
編輯表示時間
1、表示在某時間.常用前置詞at,on,in等。
用 at 來表示在某一段時刻:
at dawn/daybreak: 在黎明
at six :在6點鐘
at midnight :在午夜
at 4:30 :在4點30分
用 at 來表示在……歲時
at sixteen/at the age of sixteen :16歲的時候
用 on 來表示在星期幾/某日
on Monday :在星期一
on January fifth:在1月5日
on Christmas Day :在聖誕節那一天 也可用at Christmas
on New Year's Day:在新年那天
on表向前移動
on the left/right向左/右移動
用in來表示一天中的早中晚,月份,季節或年份
in the morning/afternoon/evening在早晨,下午,晚上
in January/February在一月,二月
in Spring在春天
in 2014在2014年
in可加衣物,表穿……,戴……
in red穿紅色的衣服
in也表示“用……”
in English用英語説
in意為“在……方面”
do well in……在……方面做得好
2、表示 期間 常用前置詞during,for,over,within,throughout,from和to等。
during用於已知的一段時間包括大家熟知的節日或者某種已確切限定的時期或階段之前
during the Middle Ages: 在中世紀
during 1942 :在1942年中
during the summer(of that year):在(那一年的)夏季
during his childhood :在他童年時期
for用來表示一段時間
for six years :六年之久
for two months :有兩個月
表示方位
1.at ,in, on, to。
① at (1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在…附近,旁邊”
② in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…範圍之內”。
③ on 表示毗鄰,接壤,“在…上面”。
④ to 表示在……範圍外,不強調是否接壤;或“到……”
2.above, over, on 。
① above 指在……上方,不強調是否垂直,與 below相對;
例句:The bird is flying above my head.
② over指垂直的上方,與under相對,但over與物體有一定的空間,不直接接觸。
例句:There is a bridge over the river.
③ on表示某物體上面並與之接觸。
例句:He put his watch on the desk.
3.below, under
① under表示在„正下方
例句:There is a cat under the table.
② below表示在„„下,不一定在正下方
例句: Please write your name below the line.
4.in front of,in the front of
① in front of在„„前面i,指甲物在乙物之前,兩者互不包括;其反義詞是behind(在„„的後面)。
例句:There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)
② in the front of 意思是“在„..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的前部.反義詞是at the back of…(在„„範圍內的後部)。
例句:There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我們的老師站在教室前.(老師在教室裏)
5.beside,behind
① beside 表示在„„旁邊
② behind 表示在„„後面
表示進行
He is at work. (他正在工作。)
The house is on fire! (房子着火了!)
The road is under construction. (路正在修。)
表示原因
表示原因常用的前置詞有for 等。
表示方法
表示“方法 ,手段”的前置詞常用by,with,through等
by bike : 騎自行車
表示數量
表示數量的常用前置詞有about(around),over等
與不及物動詞搭配
常用前置詞短語
above構成的慣用短語:
above all 尤其是,最重要的是
above suspicion 無可懷疑
above praise 讚美不盡
above criticism 無可指責
above reproach 無可厚非
above price 價值連城
after構成的慣用短語
after all 畢竟,到底
day after day 日復一日
one after another 接二連三
page after page一頁又一頁地
year after year 年年歲歲
wave after wave一波又一波地
bus after bus 公共汽車一輛又一輛
at構成的慣用短語
at the sight of看到
at the news of聽到
at one’s ease/ at one’s leisure 在閒暇時。
in構成的慣用短語
in no way 決不
in order 井然有序
in time 及時
in fact 事實上
in case 萬一
in future 將來
in public 公開地
join in 參與
take part in 參加
in trouble 處於困境
in the end 最後
in front of 在……前面
in on time 準時
in a hurry 匆忙,急於
in a moment 立刻,一會兒
in a sense 從某種意義上説
in a way 在某種程度上
in a word 簡言之,總之
in as few words as possible 簡言之
in addition 此外,又,加之
in any case = in any event 無論如何
in addition to = as well as 除...外
in all 總共,總計
in advance 預告,事先
in agreement with 同意,一致
in accord with 與...一致
in accordance with 與...一致,依照,根據
in agreement with 與...一致,依照,根據
in brief 簡單地説,簡言之
in bulk 成批地,不散裝的
in blossom 開花(指樹木)
in charge of 負責,總管
in common 共用的,共有的
in consequence of 因此,由於
in case of = in the event of 如果發生...,萬一,假如
in debt 欠債,欠情
in detail 詳細地
in difficulty 處境困難
in depth 深入地
in effect 實際上,事實上
in favor of 支持,贊成, 有利於,交付給,以…為受益人;
in front of 面對,在...前
in general 一般來説,大體上
in half 成兩半
in hand 在進行中,待辦理
in honor of 為慶祝,為紀念
in itself 本質上,就其本身而言
in line with 與...一致
in memory of 紀念
in no case = in no way 決不
in no time 立即,馬上
in order 按順序,按次序
in other words 換句話説
in place 在合適的位置
in place of 代替,取代,交換
in practice 在實踐中,實際上
in proportion to 與...成比例
in public 公開地,當眾
in price 在價格上
in part 部分地
in particular 特別,尤其
in person 當面,親自,本人
in peak season 旺季
in question 正在談論的
in quantity 大量
in regard to 關於,至於
in relation to 關於,涉及,與……相比較
in return for 作為對...報答
in return 作為報答/回報/交換
- 參考資料
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- 1. A.J.Thomson.牛津實用英語語法:外研社,2002
- 2. 150 English Prepositions List .Language Advisor[引用日期2023-04-01]