互助論

該書是作者1890--1896年陸續發表在英國《十九世紀》雜誌上的論文結集，全稱為《互助：一種進化的因素》，是其代表作之一。全書以達爾文的進化論為引子，通過對自然界中動物的觀察，充分論述了互助是生物得以生存和進化的重要因素，繼而將互助法則推演到人類，認為人類發展的不同階段同樣存在着各種形式的互助。互助促進了人類社會的不斷髮展，是人類社會發展至今的根本原因。依靠互助本能和精神，人類就能夠建立和諧的社會生活和道德準則，進而推動整個社會的進步。 ^[2] 

導讀

Preface to the 1914 Edition

Introduction

Chapter 1 Mutual Aid Among Animals

Chapter 2 Mutual Aid Among Animals (continued)

Chapter 3 Mutual Aid Among Savages

Chapter 4 Mutual Aid Among the Barbarians

Chapter 5 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City

Chapter 6 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City (continued)

Chapter 7 Mutual Aid AMongst Ourselves

Chapter 8 Mutual Aid AMongst Ourselves

Conclusion

Appendix A

I. Swarms of Butterflies, Dragon-flies, etc.

II. The Ants

III. Nesting Associations

IV. Sociability of Animals

V. Checks to Over-multiplication

VI. Adaptations to Avoid Competition

VII. The Origin of the Family

VIII. Destruction of Private Property on the Grave

IX. The "Undivided Family"

X. The Origin of the Guilds

XI. The Market and the Mediaeval City

XII. Mutual-aid Arrangements in the Villages of Netherlands at the Present Day ^[2]