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聰加語
鎖定
聰加語（聰加語：Xitsonga/英語：Tsonga）屬尼日爾-剛果語系大西洋-剛果語族。聰加語是南非和津巴布韋官方語言之一。在莫桑比克、斯威士蘭、津巴布韋也有相當數量的使用者。
- 中文名
- 聰加語
- 外文名
- Tsonga
聰加語語法
聰加語時態
聰加語的時態基本上包括現在時、現在進行時、過去時和將來時等；
現在時態是由人稱代詞和動詞一起構成的。
現在時例句：
Ndzi lava mali – I want money.
Hi tirha siku hinkwaro – We work all day.
Mi(u) lava mani? – Who are you looking for?
U kota ku famba – S/He knows how to walk.
而現在進行時，一般來説，指示在目前的一個人正在進行的狀態。
現在進行時例句：
dzi nghena (e)ndlwini – I am entering the house.
Ha tirha sweswi – We are working right now.
Ma hemba – You(pl.) are lying.
Wa hemba – You(sing.) are lying.
Wa hemba – S/He is lying.
而過去時依照所參照的詞有3種不同的形式：
在過去時中，第一種情況，如果謂語動詞結尾有-a，那麼在句中，這個詞的字母a要去掉，並且接上-ile這個後綴，如：
Ndzi nghenile ndlwini – I entered the house.
Hi tirhile siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.
U hembile – You lied.
U hembile – S/He lied.
Va hembile – They lied.
過去時中，第二種情況，如果謂語動詞結尾有-ala，在句中，這個詞的去掉-ala，改加--ele或 -ale.，如
ku rivala – to forget
Ndzi rivele – I Forgot, U rivele – you forgot, Va rivele – they forgot
Ku nyamalala – To disappear
U nyamalarile – S/he – disappeared
Words used to describe a state of being also use the past tense.
Ku karhala – To be tired.
Ndzi karhele – I am tired, U karhele – S/He is tired, Va karhele – They are tired.
第三種情況，把動詞的-a改為-e即可，如：
Ku fika – To arrive
U fike tolo – S/He arrived yesterday.
Ndzi fike tolo – I arrived yesterday.
Hi tirhe siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.
Ndzi nghene (e)ndlwini – I entered the house.
在將來時中，主語與謂語間加--ta即可，如：
Ndzi ta nghena (e)ndlwini – I will enter the house.
Hi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – We will work all day.
Va ta tirha siku hinkwaro – They will work all day.
Mi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – You(pl.) will work all day.
聰加語數詞
聰加語 | 英語 |
|---|---|
N'we | one |
Mbirhi | two |
Nharhu | three |
Mune | four |
Ntlhanu | five |
Tsevu | six |
Nkombo | seven |
Nhungu | eight |
Kaye | nine |
Khume | ten |
Khume (na) n'we / Khumen'we | eleven |
Khume (na) mbirhi / Khumembirhi | twelve |
Khume (na) nharhu / Khumenharhu | thirteen |
Makhume mambirhi / Makumembirhi | twenty |
Makhume manharhu / Makumenharhu | thirty |
Mune wa makhume / Makumemune | forty |
Ntlhanu wa makhume / Makumentlhanu | fifty |
Dzana | hundred |
Gidi | thousand |
聰加語日常用語
Phrase | Xitsonga (Tsonga) |
|---|---|
- | |
Hello (General greeting) | Xewani Avuxeni (sg) Ahee (reply) |
Hello(on phone) | - |
Kunjhani? (sg) Minjhani? (pl/frm) | |
Reply to 'How are you?' | Ni kona Ndzi kona Ndzi kona ndza nkhensa |
- | |
Hi wena mani vito? Hi wena mani vito ra wena? (frm)) U wa ka mani xivongo? (What is your surname?) | |
My name is ... | Hi mina ... Vito ra mina i... |
Where are you from? | U huma kwihi? (sg) Mi huma kwihi? (pl) |
I'm from ... | Ndzi huma e ... |
Ni tsakele ku ku tiva (sg) Ni tsakele ku mi tiva (pl/frm) | |
(Morning greeting) | Avuxeni |
(Afternoon greeting) | Inhlikanhi (sg) Indzengha |
(Evening greeting) | Riperile (sg) Imadyambu |
U etlela kahle (sg -sleep well) Mi etlela kahle (pl) | |
(Parting phrases) | Sala kahle (sg -to person staying) Salani kahle (pl/frm -to person staying) Famba kahle (sg -to person leaving) Fambani kahle (pl/frm -to person leaving) |
Good luck! | Ndzi ku navelela mikateko |
Cheers! Good Health! (Toasts used when drinking) | - |
U va ni siku lerinene (sg) Mi va ni siku lerinene (pl) | |
Bon appetit / Have a nice meal | - |
Bon voyage / Have a good journey | Famba hi ku rhula! |
I understand | Na swi twisisa |
A ni swi twisisi | |
Ina | |
E-e | |
- | |
A ndzi tivi | |
Please speak more slowly | Vulavula hi ku nonoka u nga hatlisi |
Please say that again | Ni kombela u vula sweswo nakambe |
Please write it down | Swi tsale ehansi |
Do you speak English? | Xana wa xitiva Xinghezi ke? |
Do you speakTsonga? | Xana wa xitiva Xitsonga ke? |
Yes, a little (reply to 'Do you speak ...?') | - |
Speak to me inTsonga | - |
How do you say ... inTsonga? | Hi Xitsonga u ri yini loko u ku ...? |
Ndzi khomeleni | |
How much is this? | Xana i malimuni? Xi durha malimuni? |
Ndzi kombela ku khomeriwa | |
Ndza kombela | |
Ndza nkhensa Ndzi khense ngopfu Inkomu swinene | |
Reply to thank you | U amukelekile (sg) Mi amukelekile (pl/frm) |
Where's the toilet? | Xana xi kumeka kwihi xihambukelo? |
This gentleman will pay for everything | - |
This lady will pay for everything | - |
Would you like to dance with me? | - |
- | |
Ndza ku rhandza | |
- | |
Go away! | - |
Leave me alone! | - |
Ndzi pfuneni! | |
Fire! | - |
- | |
Call the police! | Vitanani maphorisa! |
Christmas and New Year greetings | A ku vi Khisimusi lerinene naswona a ku vi lembe lerintshwa lerinene |
Easter greetings | - |
Birthday greetings | Ndzi tlangela siku ro velekiwa |
One language is never enough | - |
My hovercraft is full of eels Why this phrase? | - |
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