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中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例
鎖定
- 中文名
- 中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例
- 外文名
- REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES [2]
- 實施時間
- 1986年9月5日
- 發佈單位
- 全國人民代表大會常務委員會
- 通過時間
- 1986年9月5日
中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例修訂歷史
中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例主席令
中華人民共和國主席令 第四十四號
《中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例》已由中華人民共和國第六屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十七次會議於一九八六年九月五日通過，現予公佈，自公佈之日起施行。
中華人民共和國主席 李先念
中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例條例全文
《中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例》
第一條 為確定外國駐中國使館和使館人員的外交特權與豁免，便於外國駐中國使館代表其國家有效地執行職務，特制定本條例。
第二條 使館外交人員原則上應當是具有派遣國國籍的人。如果委派中國或者第三國國籍的人為使館外交人員，必須徵得中國主管機關的同意。中國主管機關可以隨時撤銷此項同意。
第三條 使館及其館長有權在使館館舍和使館館長交通工具上，使用派遣國的國旗或者國徽。
第四條 使館館舍不受侵犯。中國國家工作人員進入使館館舍，須經使館館長或者其授權人員的同意。中國有關機關應當採取適當措施，保護使館館舍免受侵犯或者損害。
使館的館舍、設備及館舍內其他財產和使館交通工具免受搜查、徵用、扣押或者強制執行。
第五條 使館館舍免納捐税，但為其提供特定服務所收的費用不在此限。
使館辦理公務所收規費和手續費免納捐税。
第六條 使館的檔案和文件不受侵犯。
第七條 使館人員在中國境內有行動和旅行的自由，中國政府規定禁止或者限制進入的區域除外。
第八條 使館為公務目的可以與派遣國政府以及派遣國其他使館和領事館自由通訊。通訊可以採用一切適當方法，包括外交信使、外交郵袋和明碼、密碼電信在內。
第九條 使館設置和使用供通訊用的無線電收發信機，必須經中國政府同意。使館運進上述設備，按中國政府的有關規定辦理。
第十條 使館來往的公文不受侵犯。
外交郵袋不得開拆或者扣留。
外交郵袋以裝載外交文件或者公務用品為限，應予加封並附有可資識別的外部標記。
第十一條 外交信使必須持有派遣國主管機關出具的信使證明書。外交信使人身不受侵犯，不受逮捕或者拘留。
臨時外交信使必須持有派遣國主管機關出具的臨時信使證明書，在其負責攜帶外交郵袋期間，享有與外交信使同等的豁免。
商業飛機機長受委託可以轉遞外交郵袋，但機長必須持有委託國官方證明文件，註明所攜帶的外交郵袋件數。機長不視為外交信使。使館應當派使館人員向機長接交外交郵袋。
第十二條 外交代表人身不受侵犯，不受逮捕或者拘留。中國有關機關應當採取適當措施，防止外交代表的人身自由和尊嚴受到侵犯。
第十三條 外交代表的寓所不受侵犯，並受保護。
外交代表的文書和信件不受侵犯。外交代表的財產不受侵犯，但第十四條另有規定的除外。
第十四條 外交代表享有刑事管轄豁免。
外交代表享有民事管轄豁免和行政管轄豁免，但下列各項除外：
（一）外交代表以私人身份進行的遺產繼承的訴訟；
（二）外交代表違反第二十五條第三項規定在中國境內從事公務範圍以外的職業或者商業活動的訴訟。
外交代表免受強制執行，但對前款所列情況，強制執行對其人身和寓所不構成侵犯的，不在此限。
外交代表沒有以證人身份作證的義務。
第十五條 外交代表和第二十條規定享有豁免的人員的管轄豁免可以由派遣國政府明確表示放棄。
外交代表和第二十條規定享有豁免的人員如果主動提起訴訟，對與本訴直接有關的反訴，不得援用管轄豁免。
放棄民事管轄豁免或者行政管轄豁免，不包括對判決的執行也放棄豁免。放棄對判決執行的豁免須另作明確表示。
第十六條 外交代表免納捐税，但下列各項除外：
（一）通常計入商品價格或者服務價格內的捐税；
（二）有關遺產的各種捐税，但外交代表亡故，其在中國境內的動產不在此限；
（三）對來源於中國境內的私人收入所徵的捐税；
（四）為其提供特定服務所收的費用。
第十七條 外交代表免除一切個人和公共勞務以及軍事義務。
第十八條 使館運進的公務用品、外交代表運進的自用物品，按照中國政府的有關規定免納關税和其他捐税。
外交代表的私人行李免受查驗，但中國有關機關有重大理由推定其中裝有不屬於前款規定免税的物品或者中國法律和政府規定禁止運進、運出或者檢疫法規規定管制的物品的，可以查驗。查驗時，須有外交代表或者其授權人員在場。
第十九條 使館和使館人員攜運自用的槍支、子彈入境，必須經中國政府批准，並且按中國政府的有關規定辦理。
第二十條 與外交代表共同生活的配偶及未成年子女，如果不是中國公民，享有第十二條至第十八條所規定的特權與豁免。
使館行政技術人員和與其共同生活的配偶及未成年子女，如果不是中國公民並且不是在中國永久居留的，享有第十二條至第十七條所規定的特權與豁免，但民事管轄豁免和行政管轄豁免，僅限於執行公務的行為。使館行政技術人員到任後半年內運進的安家物品享有第十八條第一款所規定的免税的特權。
使館服務人員如果不是中國公民並且不是在中國永久居留的，其執行公務的行為享有豁免，其受僱所得報酬免納所得税。其到任後半年內運進的安家物品享有第十八條第一款所規定的免税的特權。
使館人員的私人服務員如果不是中國公民並且不是在中國永久居留的，其受僱所得的報酬免納所得税。
第二十一條 外交代表如果是中國公民或者獲得在中國永久居留資格的外國人，僅就其執行公務的行為，享有管轄豁免和不受侵犯。
第二十二條 下列人員享有在中國過境或者逗留期間所必需的豁免和不受侵犯：
（一）途經中國的外國駐第三國的外交代表和與其共同生活的配偶及未成年子女；
（二）持有中國外交簽證或者持有外交護照（僅限互免簽證的國家）來中國的外國官員；
（三）經中國政府同意給予本條所規定的特權與豁免的其他來中國訪問的外國人士。
對途經中國的第三國外交信使及其所攜帶的外交郵袋，參照第十條、第十一條的規定辦理。
第二十三條 來中國訪問的外國國家元首、政府首腦、外交部長及其他具有同等身份的官員，享有本條例所規定的特權與豁免。
第二十四條 來中國參加聯合國及其專門機構召開的國際會議的外國代表、臨時來中國的聯合國及其專門機構的官員和專家、聯合國及其專門機構駐中國的代表機構和人員的待遇，按中國已加入的有關國際公約和中國與有關國際組織簽訂的協議辦理。
第二十五條 享有外交特權與豁免的人員：
（一）應當尊重中國的法律、法規；
（二）不得干涉中國的內政；
（三）不得在中國境內為私人利益從事任何職業或者商業活動；
（四）不得將使館館舍和使館工作人員寓所充作與使館職務不相符合的用途。
第二十六條 如果外國給予中國駐該國使館、使館人員以及臨時去該國的有關人員的外交特權與豁免，低於中國按本條例給予該國駐中國使館、使館人員以及臨時來中國的有關人員的外交特權與豁免，中國政府根據對等原則，可以給予該國駐中國使館、使館人員以及臨時來中國的有關人員以相應的外交特權與豁免。
第二十七條 中國締結或者參加的國際條約另有規定的，按照國際條約的規定辦理，但中國聲明保留的條款除外。
中國與外國簽訂的外交特權與豁免協議另有規定的，按照協議的規定執行。
第二十八條 本條例中下列用語的含義是：
（一）“使館館長”是指派遣國委派擔任此項職位的大使、公使、代辦以及其他同等級別的人；
（二）“使館人員”是指使館館長和使館工作人員；
（三）“使館工作人員”是指使館外交人員、行政技術人員和服務人員；
（四）“使館外交人員”是指具有外交官銜的使館工作人員；
（五）“外交代表”是指使館館長或者使館外交人員；
（六）“使館行政技術人員”是指從事行政和技術工作的使館工作人員；
（七）“使館服務人員”是指從事服務工作的使館工作人員；
（八）“私人服務員”是指使館人員私人僱用的人員；
（九）“使館館舍”是指使館使用和使館館長官邸的建築物及其附屬的土地。
中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例英文全文
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES
（Adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 44 of the President of the People's Republic of China and effective as of September 5, 1986）
Article 1 The present Regulations are formulated for the purpose of defining the diplomatic privileges and immunities of the diplomatic missions in China and their members and facilitating the efficient performance of the functions of the diplomatic missions in China as representing States.
Article 2 The members of the diplomatic staff of a mission shall in principle be of the nationality of the sending State. They may be appointed from among persons of Chinese or third-state nationality only with the consent of the competent Chinese authorities, which may be withdrawn at any time by the said authorities.
Article 3 The mission and its head shall have the right to use the flag and emblem of the sending State on the premises of the mission and on the means of transport of the head of the mission.
Article 4 The premises of the mission shall be inviolable. Chinese government functionaries may enter them only with the consent of the head of the mission or another member of the mission authorized by him. The Chinese authorities concerned shall take appropriate measures to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage. The premises of the mission, their furnishings and other property thereon and the means of transport of the mission shall be immune from search, requisition, attachment or execution.
Article 5 The premises of the mission shall be exempt from dues and taxes, other than such as represent payment for specific services rendered.
The fees and charges levied by the mission in the course of its official duties shall be exempt from all dues and taxes.
Article 6 The archives and documents of the mission shall be inviolable.
Article 7 The members of the mission shall enjoy freedom of movement and travel within Chinese territory except for areas the entry into which is prohibited or restricted by the regulations of the Chinese Government.
Article 8 The mission may for official purposes communicate freely with the Government and the other missions and consulates of the sending State. In so doing, it may employ all appropriate means, including diplomatic couriers, diplomatic bag, and messages in code or cipher.
Article 9 The mission may install and use a wireless transmitter-receiver for the purpose of communication only with the consent of the Chinese Government.
The import of the above-mentioned equipment shall be subject to the relevant procedure as specified by the Chinese Government.
Article 10 The official correspondence of the mission shall be inviolable. The diplomatic bag shall not be opened or detained.
The diplomatic bag may contain only diplomatic papers or articles intended for official use and must be sealed and bear visible external marks of its contents.
Article 11 The diplomatic courier shall be provided with a courier certificate issued by the competent authorities of the sending State. He shall enjoy personal inviolability and shall not be liable to arrest or detention.
Diplomatic couriers ad hoc shall be provided with certificates of courier ad hoc issued by the competent authorities of the sending State, and shall enjoy the same immunities as the diplomatic courier while charged with the carrying of the diplomatic bag. A diplomatic bag may be entrusted to the captain of a commercial aircraft. He shall be provided with an official document issued by the consigner state indicating the number of packages constituting the bag, but he shall not be regarded as a diplomatic courier. The mission shall send its members to receive the diplomatic bag from the captain of the aircraft or deliver it to him.
Article 12 The person of a diplomatic agent shall be inviolable. He shall not be liable to arrest or detention. The Chinese authorities concerned shall take appropriate measures to prevent any attack on his personal freedom and dignity.
Article 13 The residence of a diplomatic agent shall enjoy inviolability and protection. His papers, correspondence and, except as provided in Article 14, his property, shall be inviolable.
Article 14 A diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from criminal jurisdiction. He shall also enjoy immunity from civil and administrative jurisdiction, except in the case of:
（1） an action relating to succession in which he is involved as a private person;
（2） an action relating to any professional or commercial activity conducted by him in China outside his official functions in violation of paragraph 3 of Article 25. No measures of execution shall be taken in respect of a diplomatic agent except in cases coming under the preceding paragraphs of this Article, where the measures of execution do not constitute any violations of his person and residence. A diplomatic agent is not obliged to give evidence as a witness.
Article 15 The immunity from jurisdiction of diplomatic agents and of persons enjoying immunity under Article 20 may be waived through explicit expression by the Government of the sending State.
The initiation of proceedings by a diplomatic agent or by a person enjoying immunity from jurisdiction under Article 20 shall preclude him from invoking immunity from jurisdiction in respect of any counter-claim directly connected with the claim. Waiver of immunity from civil or administrative jurisdiction shall not imply waiver of immunity in respect of the execution of the judgment, for which a separate and explicit waiver shall be necessary.
Article 16 A diplomatic agent shall be exempt from all dues and taxes, except:
（1） dues and taxes of a kind which are normally incorporated in the price of goods or services;
（2） estate, succession or inheritance duties, except for the movable property in China of a deceased diplomatic agent;
（3） dues and taxes on private income having its source in China;
（4） charges levied for specific services rendered.
Article 17 Diplomatic agents shall be exempt from all personal and public services as well as military obligations.
Article 18 Imported articles for the official use of the mission and those for the personal use of a diplomatic agent shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the Chinese Government, be exempt from customs duties and all other related dues and taxes. The personal baggage of a diplomatic agent shall be exempt from inspection, unless the competent Chinese authorities have serious grounds for presuming that it contains articles not covered by the exemptions specified in the previous paragraph, or articles the import or export of which is prohibited by Chinese laws and government regulations or controlled by the quarantine law and regulations. Such inspection shall be conducted in the presence of the diplomatic agent or of his authorized representative.
Article 19 The diplomatic missions and their members may bring and import firearms and bullets into China for their personal use, subject to the approval of the Chinese government and to its relevant regulations.
Article 20 The spouse and under-age children of a diplomatic agent forming part of his household shall, if they are not nationals of China, enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in Article 12 to 18.
The members of the administrative and technical staff of the mission, together with their spouses and under-age children forming part of their respective households, shall, if they are not nationals of and permanently resident in China, enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in Articles 12 to 17. However, the immunity from civil and administrative jurisdiction shall be confined to acts performed in the course of official duties. The members of the administrative and technical staff shall enjoy the privilege of exemption from dues and taxes specified in paragraph one of Article 18 in respect of articles intended for their establishment which are imported within six months of the time of installation.
The members of the service staff of the mission who are not nationals of and permanently resident in China shall enjoy immunity in respect of acts performed in the course of official duties and exemption from income tax on the emoluments they receive by reason of their employment. They shall enjoy the privilege of exemption from dues and taxes as specified in paragraph one of Article 18 of the present Regulations in respect of articles intended for their establishment which are imported within six months of the time of installation.
The private attendants of members of the mission shall, if they are not nationals of and permanently resident in China, be exempt from income tax on the emoluments they receive by reason of their employment.
Article 21 Diplomatic agents who are nationals of China or foreigners having obtained permanent residence in China shall enjoy immunity from jurisdiction and inviolability only in respect of acts performed in the course of official duties.
Article 22 The following persons shall enjoy immunity and inviolability necessary for their transit through or sojourn in China:
（1） a diplomatic agent stationed in a third State who passes through China together with his spouse and underage children forming part of his household;
（2） a visiting foreign official who has obtained a diplomatic visa from China or who holds a diplomatic passport of a State with which China has an agreement on the mutual exemption of visas;
（3） other visiting foreigners to whom the Chinese Government has granted the privileges and immunities specified in the present Article.
The provisions of Articles 10 and 11 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to a diplomatic courier of a third state passing through China and his accompanying diplomatic bag.
Article 23 Visiting heads of State or government, foreign ministers and other officials of comparable status from foreign States shall enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in the present Regulations.
Article 24 Representatives of foreign States coming to China to attend international conferences sponsored by the United Nations or its specialized agencies, visiting officials and experts of the United Nations and its specialized agencies, and offices of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in China and their personnel shall enjoy such treatment as specified in the relevant international conventions to which China has acceded and agreements which China has concluded with the international organizations concerned.
Article 25 Persons enjoying diplomatic privileges and immunities under the present Regulations shall:
（1） respect Chinese laws and regulations;
（2） not interfere in the internal affairs of China;
（3） not practise for personal profit any professional or commercial activity on Chinese territory;
（4） not use the premises of the mission and the residence of the members of the staff of the mission for purposes incompatible with the functions of the mission.
Article 26 In case the diplomatic privileges and immunities accorded by a foreign State to the Chinese mission and its members in that State and to visiting Chinese personnel concerned are fewer than those China would give under the present Regulations to the mission of that State and its members in China and its visiting personnel concerned, the Chinese Government may accord them such diplomatic privileges and immunities as appropriate on a reciprocal basis.
Article 27 Where there are other provisions in international treaties to which China is a contracting or acceding party, the provisions of those treaties shall prevail, with the exception of those provisions on which China has expressed reservations. Where there are other provisions in agreements on diplomatic privileges and immunities between China and other countries, the provisions of those agreements shall prevail.
Article 28 For the purpose of the present Regulations, the following expressions shall have the meanings hereunder assigned to them:
（1） the "head of the mission" is the ambassador, minister, chargé d'affaires or other person of equivalent rank charged by the sending State with the duty of acting in that capacity;
（2） the "members of the mission" are the head of the mission and the members of the staff of the mission;
（3） the "members of the staff of the mission" are the members of the diplomatic staff, of the administrative and technical staff and of the service staff of the mission;
（4） the "members of the diplomatic staff of the mission" are the members of the staff of the mission having diplomatic rank;
（5） a "diplomatic agent" is the head of the mission or a member of the diplomatic staff of the mission;
（6） the "members of the administrative and technical staff of the mission" are the members of the staff of the mission engaged in the administrative and technical work of the mission;
（7） the "members of the service staff of the mission" are the members of the staff of the mission in the domestic service of the mission;
（8） a "private attendant" is a person in the private employment of a member of the mission;
（9） the "premises of the mission" are the buildings and the land ancillary thereto used for the purposes of the mission and the residence of the head of the mission.
- 參考資料
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- 1. 中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例 ．國家法律法規數據庫[引用日期2023-05-20]
- 2. 中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例（英文版） ．中華人民共和國外交部[引用日期2024-06-19]
- 3. 中華人民共和國外交特權與豁免條例 ．中華人民共和國外交部[引用日期2024-06-19]
